Page 8 - phytochemistry I - PharmD Clinical

2) Fructosans: e.g. Inulin.
3) Galactans.
4) Pentosans: xylans,arabans, (gums) and, hemicellulose .
5) Polyuronides: pectins, alginic of mucilages .
6) Heteroglycans: Certain bacterial polysaccharides.

3. Mucopolysaccharides:

1) Natural mucopolysaccharides e.g chitin.
2) Simple acid mucopolysaccharides e.g. hyaluronic acid.
3) Sulfomucopolysaccharides: e.g. heparin, chondroitin sulfate and Agar.

4. Complex Carbohydrates:

1) Glycosides.
2) Glycoproteins.
3) Glycolipids.
4) Nucleotides, Nucleic acid … etc.
B) According to the source from which the sugar is derived: e.g

- grape sugar (glucose)
- milk sugar (lactose)
- malt sugar (maltose)
- fruit sugar (fructose)
- cane sugar, beet sugar (sucrose)

Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates

Production of monosaccharides

Photosynthesis:
 Photosynthesis is defined as the process of absorption of carbon dioxide

(CO2) and formation of carbohydrates by plants.
 It is the indirect source of all organic matters on the face of earth. Also, it is

the source of oxygen which allow respiration. The biological world runs
at the expense of energy and materials accumulated by photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis in the green plants consists of two classes of reactions.
- One class consists of the so-called light reactions that usually convert

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