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Figure 57: effect of hormones on Kidney

Kidney diseases: A sudden loss of kidney function caused by an illness, injury or
toxin that stresses the kidney. The kidney may recover
1- Acute renal A long and slow process where the kidney loses its ability to
failure (ARF) function
2- Chronic kidney When kidney has completely and permanently shut down
disease (CKD)
3- End stage renal
disease (ESRD)

1- Acute renal failure (ARF)

Causes of ARF:

1- Pre-renal: all of the following result in low systemic BP which in
returns lead to low glomerular blood flow

• Hypovolemia
• Shock
• Blood loss
• Embolism
• CHF
• Occlusion of renal artery
2- Renal condition:
• Nephrotoxic agents