Page 8 - I reading 일부

15 The word “ it ” in the passage refers to 19 Why does the author mention “ sign
TOEFL Reading REVIEW ? HELP BACK NEXT language ” in the passage?
(A) evidence
SECTION EXIT HIDE TIME 00 : 19 : 35 (B) date (A) To highlight the importance of non-spoken
(C) language language among primates
Passage 2 (D) mechanism (B) To assert humans’ various communicative
tools
THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE
(C) To demonstrate that primates also have a
linguistic device
1 A Several theories have been proposed to explain why human language has evolved into the complex 16 The word “ mimicking ” in the passage is
(D) To illustrate the complexity of the primates’
mechanism as it is today. B Although linguistic experts do not have sufficient evidence to pinpoint the closest in meaning to
ability to communicate
exact date language came into existence, current research suggests that it first evolved around 350,000
(A) emitting
to 150,000 years ago. C Some of the earliest theories put forth include humans’ mimicking animal noises,
(B) imitating
which later developed into words. D Another theory is that nonverbal emotional vocalizations, such as
(C) repeating
gasping in surprise or screaming out in pain, gradually evolved into more specific forms of communication. 20 The word “ random ” in the passage is
(D) chanting
In the past century, however, the debate among linguistic scientists is comprised of two main theories to
closest in meaning to
explain the origin of language, namely the Continuity Theory and the Discontinuity Theory.
(A) original
2  The Continuity Theory of language evolution argues that language must have developed over time, (B) explicit
17 Why does the author mention “ nonverbal
beginning with humans’ earliest ancestors, with various aspects of language developing at different stages (C) unsystematic
emotional vocalizations ” in the passage?
until it resembled present speech. Supporters of this theory have made a correlation of humans’ ability for (D) crude
abstract and complex thought and expression to Darwin’s theory of evolution. This builds on the idea that (A) To show one of the arguments regarding
language exhibits so much complexity that one cannot imagine it simply appearing from nothing. The most the origin of human language
significant argument asserted by continuity theorists is that human language evolved from an innate ability (B) To differentiate the use of communication
21 The word “ which ” in the passage refers to
within us and that without this innate linguistic device, we would never have developed the capacity to speak. between humans and animals
(C) To compare the evolution of communication (A) Discontinuity Theory
3 To prove their belief that language developed from our primate ancestor’s innate ability for language, the
between humans and animals (B) language
proponents of the Continuity Theory point out experiments in which various kinds of non-spoken languages
(D) To elucidate the first incident of nonverbal (C) inherent ability
were taught over extended periods of time to primates. In accordance with the researchers’ claim that even
human vocalization in history (D) genetic mutation
though the primates do not speak in the wild, they have a mind inherently capable of learning language,
primates were able to learn how to communicate different kinds of situations, primarily with the researchers,
but also with fellow primates and their offspring by means of sign language . Furthermore, although no
primates have been able to learn any spoken language, they have demonstrated a degree of language 18 According to paragraph 2, what do 22 According to paragraph 4, what do
capacity by using random symbols to denote physical objects.
supporters of the Continuity Theory believe supporters of the Discontinuity Theory
about language evolution? believe about human’s acquisition of
4  On the other hand, the Discontinuity Theory suggests that language must have appeared suddenly within
language?
humankind’s history. Supporters of this theory postulate this may have come about due to a genetic mutation (A) Not all humans have the ability to acquire
in humans, which was subsequently passed on through their ancestors, eventually turning into an inherent linguistic skills. (A) It is a result of a genetic mutation in
ability. (B) Language use in human suddenly humans.
appeared at a certain stage of evolution. (B) It is a result of a recessive gene in
5  In order to support this theory, several linguists conducted research which revealed that the gene essential (C) Humans have developed their specific humans.
to the development of language and speech is significantly different in humans compared to other primates. language ability over a short time. (C) It is a result of a learned behavior in
They assert that the amino-acid composition of the gene changed rapidly at roughly the same time humans (D) Humans possess an inborn ability to humans.
began to develop the ability to speak. They also discovered and claimed that this gene functions and looks use language. (D) It is a result of a ceaseless effort in humans.
different in humans and primates, meaning that the human brain is wired for language use, while the primate’s
brain is not. Despite their strong claims about a genetic mutation creating the capacity for speech in humans, Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [  ]. Paragraph 4 is marked with an arrow [  ].
the specific event, if any, that could have caused such a genetic mutation is still not known.

18 www.linguaforum.com Diagnostic Test 19