Page 47 - baseline

Circularity: Present Scenario

During consultations, the following facts were evident Wet Processing l The manufactured fabrics serve both local and Garment Manufacturing
and were recorded regarding the current state of international markets. Multiple types of raw fibres
circularity and associated challenges to further are processed simultaneously by a wet processing
Wet processing is one of the most water- and energy- The apparel industry is emerging as an important and
upscale: unit depending on varying needs of vendors. They
intensive processes after fabric production. It also is one of the primary processes with the potential for
l When dyed yarns are woven, coloured selvage use various chemicals based on fabric
contributes to high resource consumption and low circularity practices in the value chain.
waste is produced, which reduces their compatibility, increasing the complexity of waste
process efficiencies. With a circularity perspective,
recyclability. generated and its traceability to bring into the
wet processing units have a different set of challenges Cotton solids, natural and man-made fibre blends,
l Sized fabric is sold depending on fabric weight, circular cycle. Few wet processing units have their
compared to other processes of the value chain, as and printed textiles constitute a major portion of
increasing the use of sizes, for instance, yarn of own brand in the market and, thus, can optimize
listed below: total waste generated in the process. These units are
inferior quality with a higher size usage weighs the their manufacturing processes, reduce resource
further implementing circularity techniques, examples
same as yarn of excellent quality with a lower size consumption of associated environmental impacts
l Small- to large-scale textile industries in India and the difficulties associated with scaling them up
usage. It also increases the amount of water used and make their products traceable.
undertake the majority of job work. The fabric have been outlined below:
to pre-treatment final fabrics. l It further reflected that there is no national quality
is acquired from various suppliers, including l Cutting waste is typically sold as “mixed waste”
l Due to Government-provided electricity subsidies, benchmarking system and benchmarking data
major brands, small market participants, and since it is not separated by content, size, or colour
it was observed that many MSMEs in Maharashtra for variables such as quantity and quality of
others. The product is processed according to at the production level. If it is done, there will
have continued power looms usage. Due to rising chemicals and auxiliaries used, water usage per
their specifications, without any regulations be better applicability to bring into recycled yarn
energy costs, they cannot switch to shuttle-less kilogram of fabric, etc. It contributes to the complex
or standards, and mostly based on the product’s production. However, few manufacturers separate
looms that are more efficient and produce finer mix of materials that limit recycling and reusability.
economic value rather than its impact on the white-cutting waste from mixed waste due to high
counts. l Coal and firewood are the primary fuel sources for
environment and society. demand for these products and can negotiate a
steam generation, while renewable sources are not
better price.
utilized commercially for thermal energy generation
l There is a semi-organized process for recycling
to reduce carbon footprint.
Figure 18: Fibre and Yarn waste recycling and repurposing of cutting waste. The cutting waste is segregated
l Large textile clusters engaged in wet processing
hierarchly into small, medium and large at its source.
have common effluent treatment facilities. However,
v Small cut waste is sorted according to colour and
each cluster has a slightly different technique for
used to produce recycled fibres with a count up to
treating wastewater. At the same time, some textile
Ne 30. Finer fibre is blended with virgin fibres to
hubs have begun reusing treated wastewater for
make recycled apparel, while the coarser yarn is
textile processing and adopting circular water
sent as raw material for home textiles. Meanwhile,
usage and management practices.
short staple fibres that cannot be made into yarns
are sold to allied industries such as pulp and
Circularity Focus areas: Chemical and paper, automotive, etc.
water usage, energy consumption, air v Medium cut waste is sold to secondary garment
pollution, hazardous solid waste. manufacturers to make kidswear and other
smaller size apparel.

Circularity Focus areas: Energy consumption, yarn and fibre waste
Figure 19: Fabric Laying Figure 20: Fabric Cutting

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