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This calculation was performed by started to propose one new idea after
the famous British mathematician Roger another about the evolution of human
Penrose, a colleague of Stephen Haw- beings.
king. In mathematics, Probabilities less Scientists wanted to learn about the
than 1 in 10 50 are regarded as essenti- development of human societies, how
ally zero. The number in question is a they changed and became politically or-
trillion, trillion, trillion times larger than ganized, and how they developed art and
1 in 10 50 —a number that shows that the music. As a result of all their efforts, the
universe cannot be accounted for in science of anthropology developed va-
terms of chance. rious branches of expertise in its study of
Roger Penrose comments on this in- the history of humanity: physical anthro-
conceivably vast number: pology, cultural anthropology, and so
forth.
This now tells how precise the Creator's
But after Darwin proposed the theory
aim must have been, namely to an accu-
of evolution, cultural anthropology be-
racy of one part in 10 x 10123. This is an
extraordinary figure. One could not pos- gan to study human beings as cultural
sibly even write the number down in full animals, and physical anthropology in-
in the ordinary denary notation: it would vestigated them as biological organisms.
be 1 followed by 10 123 successive 0's. As a result of this distorted way of thin-
Even if we were to write a 0 on each se- king, anthropology became the domain
parate proton and on each separate neut- of evolutionist scientists, whose unre-
ron in the entire universe—and we could alistic and partisan views prevailed.
throw in all the other particles for good
measure—we should fall far short of wri-
ting down the figure needed. 28 Antibiotic resistance
When any species of bacteria are
constantly exposed to a given antibiotic,
Anthropology
later generations of them begin to show
Anthropology is the science that in- resistance to it—and eventually that an-
vestigates human origins together with tibiotic has no further effect on them.
its biological, social and cultural charac- Evolutionists assume that bacteria’s de-
teristics. This science began with the im- veloping resistance to antibiotics is pro-
petus to learn about human history; in of for evolution. They say that this resis-
fact, its Greek roots mean the science of tance develops as a result of mutations
human beings. After Charles Darwin es- that occur in the bacteria.
tablished his evolutionary theory of the However, this increasing resistance
origins and development of living things is not the result of bacterial mutations.
in the 19 th century, interested scientists Bacteria had resistance ability before be-
THE EVOLUTION IMPASSE I