Page 128 - The Evolution Impasse 2

126 Origin of the Plant Cells

si tion al form be tween these two forms
has ev er been found. Single-celled and
mul ti-celled or gan isms ful ly pos sess
this com plex struc ture, and no group
or or gan ism with sim pler or gan elles or
which is more prim i tive than ei ther of
these has ev er been en coun tered. In
oth er words, the or gan elles they pos -
sess emerged ful ly de vel oped. There are
no sim ple and prim i tive forms. 130

Bearing in mind the enor mous
A 25-mil lion-year-old plant fos sil with
struc tur al dif fer en ces be tween the the same struc ture as plants liv ing to day.
bac te ri um cell and plant cells, the
im pos si bil i ty of any such tran si tion
cells is pro tect ed by a dou ble-lay er -
be comes crys tal-clear:
ed mem brane, while the DNA in the
● The bac te ri um cell wall con -
bac te ri um cell is free with in it.
sists of pol y sac cha ride and pro tein,
● In terms of ap pear ance the bac -
where as the plant cell wall is made
te ri um's DNA mol e cule re sem bles a
of cel lu lose, which has a com plete ly
closed loop. The DNA mol e cule in a
dif fer ent struc ture.
plant cell is lin e ar.
● In a plant cell, there are var i ous
● The DNA mol e cule in the bac -
or gan elles with high ly com plex
te ri um cell con tains in for ma tion re -
struc tures and sur round ed by a
gard ing on ly that sin gle cell, while
mem brane, but no or gan elles in the
the plant cell's DNA car ries in for ma -
bac te ri um cell. The bac te ri um cell
tion about the en tire plant. All the in -
con tains on ly very small ri bos o mes
for ma tion con cern ing a fruit tree's
in a free state. In the plant cell, the ri -
roots, trunk, leaves, flow ers and fruit
bos o mes are much larg er and con -
ex ists sep a rate ly in the DNA in each
nect ed to the mem brane. In ad di tion,
cell nu cle us.
each type of ri bo some per forms pro -
● Some spe cies of bac te ria are
tein syn the sis in a dif fer ent way. 131
pho to syn thet ic, per form ing pho to -
● The struc tures of the DNA in
syn the sis. In con trast to plants, how -
the plant and bac te ri um cells are to -
e ver, bac te ria break down the com -
tal ly dif fer ent.
pounds and do not emit ox y gen.
● The DNA mol e cule in plant
Moreover, in side the chlo ro plasts in
The Evolution Impasse II