Page 153 - The Errors the American National Academy of Sciences

The NAS's Error in Portraying Molecular Biology as
Evidence of Evolution

viper—which, being reptiles, should have had the highest level of
similarity—actually possessed a very low level (5.6%). Colin
Patterson said that this example had clearly undermined the evolu-
tionists' assumptions. 6
•In myoglobin comparisons, crocodiles were seen to have a

10.5% similarity to lizards.
However, the lizard also has a 10.5% similarity to the chicken. In
other words, the reptile/reptile level of similarity is the same as the
reptile/bird level. 7
•In comparisons of lysosome and lactalbumin, it emerged that
man was closer to the chicken than to the other mammals
tested. 8
•Adrian Friday and Martin Bishop from the University of
Cambridge analyzed various tetrapod protein sequences. In an aston-

ishing result, human beings and chickens emerged as each other's
closest relatives in almost all examples. The next closest relative was
the crocodile. 9
•Studies on relaxins by Dr. Christian Schwabe, a bio-
chemical researcher from the University of South Carolina
Medical Faculty, also produced interesting results:

Against this background of high variability between re-
laxins from purportedly closely related species, the re-
laxins of pig and whale are all but identical. The
molecules derived from rats, guinea-pigs, man and
pigs are as distant from each other (approximately 55%)
as all are from the elasmobranch's relaxin. ...Insulin, how-
ever, brings man and pig phylogenetically closer together

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