Page 4 - Microsoft Word - Lecture 1 on Cytology Cervical Smear Collection and Preparation.docx
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C. Staining

          Papanicolaou (Pap) Stain:
                   o Explain the multi-step staining process, where hematoxylin stains the nuclei blue and
                        eosin stains the cytoplasm pink.
                   o Discuss the role of Pap stain in di erentiating between normal and abnormal cells.

   5. Microscopic Examination

          Cellular Morphology:
                   o Discuss the evaluation of cell size, shape, and organization under the microscope.

          Nuclear Features:
                   o Explain the significance of nuclear size, shape, and chromatin pattern in identifying
                        abnormalities.

          Detection of Infections:
                   o Describe how the Pap smear can also reveal infections, such as HPV, yeast, or bacterial
                        vaginosis.

   6. Interpretation of Results

          The Bethesda System:
                   o Introduce the standardized system for reporting cervical cytology results.

          Categories:
                   o Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM): Indicate normal findings.
                   o Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC): Discuss the significance of indeterminate findings.
                   o Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL): Explain what mildly abnormal
                        cells may indicate.
                   o High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL): Highlight the concern for
                        significant precancerous changes.
                   o Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Discuss the implications of detecting invasive cancer.

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