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People  I studied didn’t actually have an undergraduate          system of research. Don’t be like your mentor or
        degree program; rather, there was a six-year track       other established researchers in the field. Prove that
        for a master’s degree, from which I went on to a PhD     you can make an original contribution.
        and an additional, fourth degree—which includes a        “This is a tough requirement, but we expect young
        much more comprehensive and extensive research           faculty members to step out of their comfort
        thesis, and which is what turns you into a professor.    zone and build something that is unique, even if
        When I arrived at the Technion, I was asked whether      smaller in scope, and even if this involves fewer
        I was a ‘regular’ doctor or a ‘doctor-doctor,’” he       publications. Experience shows that this is the only
        laughs.                                                  recipe for growth and development.
        Are there also significant differences in the research   “I’m not saying it’s not harsh. There are cases of
        world?                                                   extremely talented researchers who nonetheless
        “Certainly. There is a substantial difference            need others’ support in establishing their goals, but
        throughout the entire research system: In Russia,        no method is ideal. And it’s still better and more
        everything is organized around laboratories and          correct than what I knew in Russia.”
        institutes. These are headed by a director, who          Does the faculty have a mechanism in place to help
        determines what the lab studies, with numerous           researchers hit the ground running?
        people working under the director. In Israel, and        “First of all, we say to them: Give talks, bring up
        in the Western world in general, a faculty member        questions, attend conferences, be part of the
        builds his or her own research environment. This         community, and this will support you in this phase.
        world is considerably more individualistic, as well as   But when it comes to scientific research, if a person
        entrepreneurial.                                         lacks the inner will—none of it will work.
        “In Russia, it is harder for a faculty member to         “Our goal is to compete in the big league and try to
        be promoted. If a researcher seeks to become a           be a world leader. That is the current situation, and
        lab director and study research questions that           we seek to maintain it. And it also underlies one of
        he initiates, he can either leave and establish his      my major missions—locating outstanding faculty.”
        own lab, which is no simple matter, or wait till the     And what about undergraduate studies? Mechanical
        director of his lab retires, which may take forty        engineering is situated on the interface of theory
        years.”                                                  and practice; what is your perception of an ideal
        What was your experience in transitioning between        graduate in this field?
        the two systems?                                         “Whenever I am asked what is mechanical
        “I think that overall, I settled in quickly enough, and  engineering, what does your faculty do, I reply:
        I am thankful for the moment when I decided to           Anything but mechanical engineering.”
        make the transition. It gave me the independence         Meaning?
        I did not have before. In a recent conversation with     “No one here deals with large machines, with
        my former lab director, a remarkable person I keep       ‘grease.’ We are a research faculty in a research
        in touch with to this day, we talked about the subject   institution. We are more concerned with research
        of research independence in the context of several       and less with engineering design. And our studies
        friends, who did not develop independent paths           are interdisciplinary.”
        there.” That former colleague elucidated for Prof.       Please explain.
        Gendelman the nature of researcher independence          “An electrical engineer is expected to know
        and its importance.                                      electronics, a computer engineer is expected to
        How does this affect your perception of research in      understand algorithms and advanced software.
        the faculty?                                             A mechanical engineer is expected to be able to
        “To a great extent: I tend to provide as much            combine everything; to possess a deep knowledge
        freedom as possible to the faculty’s researchers—        of the basic subjects in addition to sufficient
        to limit my intervention to the minimum, while           working knowledge of all engineering areas, and
        providing support when such is needed, of course.        have the ability to integrate all of them. That, for me,
        I strive for their independence. When new faculty        is an ideal graduate.”
        members ask what is expected of them here, I             And how is this manifested in your view of the ideal
        respond: Pick your own direction and build your own      curriculum?

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