Page 28 - Stanochny park

HISTORY

These bonds were broken by the great Russian technician - Ivan
Ivanovich Polzunov. In 1765, Polzunov invented a completely
new type of blower - the cylindrical blower.
He made this invention, going towards his main goal, the
creation of a steam engine capable of displacing the primitive
water wheel from industry. Having conceived the construction
of a powerful factory engine, which would have been able
to handle any work, Polzunov had to solve the important
question of what first order to give his brainchild, so that it
would immediately become clear to everyone his superiority
over a low-power mill wheel. It was supposed to be hard and
important work - a kind of "bottleneck" of the industry of his
day.
An excellent connoisseur of the technology of his time,
Polzunov unmistakably determined: such a "bottleneck"
is blowing in metallurgical furnaces. The first important
application for the steam engine was found. However, it was
clear to Polzunov that it was impossible to simply replace the
mill wheel with a steam machine, leaving the rest of the blower
installation intact. In this case, the low-power box bellows will
"avenge" the separation from the mill. They will throw bonds
Box bellows. on the engine, will not allow it to unfold with all its might, hide
from the eyes of people many of the advantages of a new
mighty machine. Polzunov decided: a new blower
should work next to his engine. And he constructs
it. Polzunov’s cylindrical blower is very similar in
design to a steam engine, only it works literally "in
reverse".
In the cylinder of a steam engine, steam
expands, and it pushes the piston; in a blower,
the piston pushes the air and compresses it. The
Polzunov blower was capable of blowing much
higher pressure than box bellows. The powerful
jets of air forced by it could easily penetrate the
hot mass of ore and coal in the tallest furnace of
that time. It was thanks to the cylindrical blower
at the end of the 18th century that the Russian
Cylinder blower from the late 18th century. people erected the highest blast furnaces in the
world in the Urals, about which the German scientist Beck later wrote with such admiration.
Newly designed blowers replaced box bellows and reigned supreme in metallurgy for over a
hundred years, reaching enormous power by the end of the last century.
Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov also owns another important invention in the field of blowing
devices. He built an original "blast battery" - "air chest", as the inventor himself called it. It was
really a "chest" - a large wooden box into which the air ducts from all the bellows or cylinders
that served the metallurgical furnace entered, and from it were already going pipes to tuyeres.
"Chest" acted like a rubber ball of a spray bottle. He took in individual portions of air from the
cylinders, and directed a continuous stream into the lances. This made the furnace run even
smoother
To be continued

"Stories about the Russian
Championship"
Moscow, 1950

28 Stanochniy park