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 the date

The date is in either Ilahi months and Regnal years or Arabic months with

regular or Hijari year. It may be indicated either in figures or words or both or

particularly in figures and particularly in word.

A Farman may have many entries on at its back. The most important of

these entries is Ibrata-i-Zuhari. This entry details the history of the case and full

particulars of a grant such as the amount of grant the nature of grant and the

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place of grant etc .

Besides Zinan there may be other entries made by the Waqiah Naws any

other official, the receipt of the copy of a Farman has also been acknowledge on

its back in many cases such entries are made under the seal of the concerned

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official .

1) Nishan literary Nishan means a sign signal, mark ,impression, an ensign a

flag .In the administration of Deccan sultanates a Nishan is similar to a

Farman in respect of it‟s a Nishan is similar to a Farman in respect of its size

and general form .The first two lines of Nisahan are shortened as it done is

Farman. The main text is also similar to Farman.

A Nishan is distinguishing form a Farman in respect of the following;

1. It is issued by Prime Minister whose seal is affixed authority.

2. A Nishan contains two Tughras

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