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Seyyedi, et al.: Salivary biomarkers and oral surgery

reSultS unstimulated method is reasonable for measuring biomarkers
The mean age of the subjects of the study was 26.95 ± 5.45, because saliva is easily collected, no interfering factor is
Moreover, such
present and the results are reproducible.
[20]
ranged from 18 to 36 years. Regarding the type of tooth discrepancies in research results have been attributed to study
impaction, 38.1% had impacted, and 61.9% had semi‑impacted samples in terms of size and diversity, which corroborates
status. The one‑sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test showed the need for further research to reach statistically definitive
a normal distribution of data (P > 0.05) before and after the results.
surgery; therefore, parametric tests were used to evaluate
the objectives of the research. The mean saliva MDA level Another limitation of the present study is the lack of post‑operative
before the operation was 0.77 ± 0.32 µmol/ml which reached samples on multiple additional intervals (e.g., hours/days/
1.01 ± 0.42 µmol/ml, indicating a post‑operative increase months following the extraction), as it could be argued
with a medium to large effect size, which was statistically that the time of sample collection attributes to the salivary
insignificant (Cohen’s d = 0.62, P = 0.074). Furthermore, the levels of biomarkers. Similarly, this could explain the rather
pre‑ and post‑operative values of TAC were 0.65 ± 0.31 µmol/ml differing results of previous studies. Furthermore, in our
and 0.59 ± 0.38 µmol/ml, respectively, suggesting a slight study, no correlation between MDA level and post‑operative
decrease (Cohen’s d = 0.179, P = 0.071) [Table 1]. complications were investigated, expected to be investigated
further in future studies.
dIScuSSIon
This study was designed to investigate the changes in OS concluSIonS
biomarkers seven days following third molar surgery. The The present study suggests that following third molar surgery,
present study suggests that surgical extraction of third an increase in OS could be detected; however, the statistical
molars could be associated with a post‑operative increase analysis did not provide a reasonable level of significance.
in OS indicated by an increase in mean salivary MDA and a Future research is needed to further explore this issue and to
decrease in mean TAC; however, there is not enough evidence investigate these findings in other samples. In addition, the
in this study to support this hypothesis. In this study, the possible advantage of prescribing supplementary antioxidants
post‑operative changes in TAC value remained statistically (e.g., Vitamin A, C and E) for patients with a higher risk of
insignificant despite a decrease in mean value of this marker. post‑operative complications might prove an interesting topic
Previous studies have reported a significant decrease in serum for future research.
and salivary levels of TAC, during the 1 week following the
st
third molar surgery. [17‑19] Similarly, the increase in MDA levels Declaration of patient consent
remained statistically insignificant; nevertheless, evaluation of The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate
standardised mean difference between pre‑ and post‑operative patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have
data indicated that the effect size (Cohen’s d) was considerable, given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other
therefore suggesting that the statistical insignificance of the clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients
results might be due to small sample size. Kindler et al., understand that their names and initials will not be published
[18]
and Dias et al., revealed that MDA levels did not exhibit and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but
[19]
statistically significant changes 7 days after surgery, which is anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
consistent with the present study; however, significantly higher Financial support and sponsorship
MDA levels were observed 1 day post‑surgery in previous Nil.
studies. [16,19]
Conflicts of interest
Interestingly, Graziani et al., [17] reported a statistically There are no conflicts of interest.
significant reduction in serum MDA levels, which is in contrast
with previous findings.
referenceS
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198 Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery ¦ Volume 14 ¦ Issue 2 ¦ July-December 2024