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Mansoura National University
Pharm D-Clinical Pharmacy Program Level 1 Pharm. Anal. Chem. 1 (PC 101)
Leveling effect of solvents
❖ Ability of solvents to increase the strength of weak acids to reach that of strong acids.
❖ Or the ability of solvents to increase the strength of weak bases to reach that of
strong bases.
❖ Basic solvents have a leveling effect on weak acids.
❖ Acidic solvents have a leveling effect on weak bases.
❖ Examples:
1- liquid ammonia & ethylene diamine have leveling effect on both mineral
& carboxylic acids.
2- glacial acetic acid has leveling effect on weak bases such as amines, they
are strong bases in acetic acid.
Types of Non-aqueous Titrations
• It involves the quantitative determination of weak bases by non
1- Acidimetry:
aqueous titration.
• It involves the quantitative determination of weak acids by non
2- Alkalimetry:
aqueous titration.
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