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Mansoura National University
Pharm D-Clinical Pharmacy Program Level 1 Pharm. Anal. Chem. 1 (PC 101)
(A) Color Indicators
They are classified into:
Simple color indicators – Screened indicators
– Mixed indicators – Universal indicators
1. Simple color indicators:
✓ They are organic compounds that change their colors at the end point.
✓ They may be one-colored, such as phenolphthalein (ph.ph) or
two-colored, such as methyl orange (M.O) and methyl red (M.R).
a) Phenolphthalein (ph.ph): pH range ≈ (8.5 – 10) approximately
b) Methyl Orange (M.O): pH range ≈ (3 – 4.5) approximately
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