Page 373 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

[4] a. -if&4.b-tf.lUfl, Kg277 73;~ {T/*iZ&77) g9-C
Y~b~4.b-tf.lU%
(Could you kindly send the manuscripts by fax?)

(These days, it is common practice to communicate by
fax.)
In [2]-[4], ni yoffe is totally unacceptable in the (a) sentences and
acceptable in the (b) sentences. The crucial difference between (a) and
(b) sentences is that the former belongs to spoken Japanese, whereas
the latter belongs to more impersonal and formal Japanese. The imper-
sonal and formal aspects of the latter are accented by the use of Sino-
Japanese words. In short, the basic difference between de and ni yotte
is a stylistical difference; the former can be used in both spoken and
written Japanese, but the latter is usually used only in written Japanese -
-
-
or very formal speech. -
-
-
-
-
e 1
-
II. The difference between the agent marker ni and ni yotte is grammatical e
and stylistical. The sentences in [5] show that when the subject of the
passive sentence is inanimate (such as 'research institute,' 'painting,'
'American Continent') the agent has to be marked not by ni, but by ni
yotte.

[6a] and [7a] show examples where ni is chosen over ni yotte.

[6] a. 7I)Xi&?3 'J {CZ/*CZ&77) lj4.b3kLlz0
(Alice was deceived by John.)
3 k-- 7%
b. 7*kb;f.&d!?% K&7T] 2#~kLlzo
/
{CZ
(The demonstrators were dispelled by riot police.)