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Red Flags Requiring Immediate Attention

• Open fractures with exposed bone.
• Severe, unrelenting pain not relieved by rest or immobilization.
• Progressive neurological deficits (e.g., paralysis, loss of bowel/bladder control).
• Suspected compartment syndrome (severe pain, tightness, numbness, diminished pulses).
• Signs of infection (fever, warmth, redness, pus drainage from wound site).

By recognizing these critical signs and symptoms, orthopaedic technologists can provide timely
and accurate assessments, improving patient safety and treatment outcomes. Key signs and
symptoms include:

• Pain – Type, location, severity, and whether it worsens with movement.
• Swelling – Presence of localized or diffuse swelling around joints or injured areas.
• Deformity – Visible abnormalities in limb positioning, indicative of fractures or
dislocations.
• Bruising – Ecchymosis resulting from trauma or internal bleeding.
• Restricted Range of Motion (ROM) – Difficulty moving the affected joint or limb.
• Crepitus – A grinding or crackling sensation, often indicative of fractures or joint issues.
• Neurological Symptoms – Numbness, tingling, or weakness, suggesting nerve
involvement.
• Circulatory Compromise – Pale, cold extremities, delayed capillary refill, or absent
pulses indicating vascular injury.

Timely recognition of these symptoms is essential for determining the severity of an injury and
initiating appropriate care.

Performing Orthopaedic-Specific Examinations

A structured physical examination is essential in evaluating musculoskeletal conditions.
Orthopaedic technologists must use a systematic approach to assess the affected area accurately
and identify abnormalities that may indicate fractures, dislocations, soft tissue injuries, or
neurological impairments. A thorough orthopaedic examination consists of multiple components,
each serving a specific purpose in diagnosing and managing injuries.

Step-by-Step Approach to an Orthopaedic Examination

1. Patient Preparation and Positioning
o Ensure the patient is in a comfortable and stable position for examination.
o Explain the process to the patient to reduce anxiety and encourage cooperation.
o Compare findings with the uninjured side to establish normal versus abnormal
conditions.