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o Use sterile drapes to isolate non-sterile areas.

2. Infection Control Measures

• Environmental Controls:
o Maintain laminar airflow and temperature regulation in the OR.
o Minimize unnecessary personnel movement to reduce airborne contamination.
• Instrument Sterilization:
o Use autoclaves and chemical sterilization for surgical instruments.
o Ensure implants and hardware are pre-sterilized before surgery.

Common Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures

Orthopaedic surgical procedures encompass a wide range of interventions aimed at restoring
function, stability, and mobility to injured or degenerated musculoskeletal structures. These
procedures address fractures, joint dysfunction, ligament injuries, and spinal abnormalities.
Understanding the indications, techniques, and intraoperative responsibilities for each procedure
is crucial for orthopaedic technologists assisting in surgery.

1. Fracture Fixation Procedures

Fracture fixation surgeries involve stabilizing broken bones to promote healing and prevent
deformity. These procedures can be categorized based on the fixation method used.

a. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)

• Indications: Used for unstable fractures that cannot be managed non-surgically.
• Procedure:
1. Incision is made at the fracture site.
2. Bone fragments are realigned into their anatomical position.
3. Internal fixation devices (plates, screws, or rods) are applied to stabilize the bone.
4. Closure of the wound and application of a sterile dressing.
• Orthopaedic Technologist Responsibilities:
o Assist in the preparation the correct implants and instruments.
o Maintain a sterile field.
o Assist in bone reduction by applying traction or holding retractors.

b. External Fixation

• Indications: Used for open fractures, severe soft tissue injuries, or when internal fixation is not
suitable.
• Procedure:
1. Metal pins or screws are inserted into the bone above and below the fracture.
2. An external frame is connected to the pins to provide stability.
3. The frame maintains alignment while soft tissues heal.