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• Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA):
o Replacement of the knee joint with prosthetic components.
• Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA):
o Surgical replacement of the hip joint with metal or ceramic prostheses.
• Shoulder Arthroplasty:
o Replacement of the shoulder joint in cases of severe arthritis or trauma.

3. Ligament and Tendon Repair

Ligament and tendon repair surgeries restore stability and function to joints that have been
compromised due to sports injuries, trauma, or degenerative conditions.

a. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction

• Indications: ACL tears resulting from sports injuries or hyperextension trauma.
• Procedure:
1. A graft is harvested from the patient’s hamstring tendon, patellar tendon, or a cadaver
source.
2. The damaged ACL is removed, and tunnels are drilled in the femur and tibia.
3. The graft is secured in the bone tunnels using screws or fixation devices.
• Orthopaedic Technologist Responsibilities:
o Assist in preparation graft materials and fixation devices.
o Assist in positioning and retraction for arthroscopic visualization.
o Ensure proper calibration of arthroscopic equipment.

b. Rotator Cuff Repair

• Indications: Full-thickness rotator cuff tears leading to shoulder dysfunction.
• Procedure:
1. Arthroscopic or open approach is used to visualize the tear.
2. Sutures and anchors are used to reattach the tendon to the humeral head.
3. Soft tissue balancing is performed to optimize shoulder movement.
• Technologist Responsibilities:
o Set up and operate arthroscopic instruments.
o Pass suture anchors and ensure correct implant sizing.
o Maintain joint distension for optimal visualization.
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction:
o Graft placement using hamstring or patellar tendon autografts.
• Rotator Cuff Repair:
o Surgical suturing of torn rotator cuff tendons.

4. Spine Surgeries

Spinal procedures address conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and vertebral
fractures.