Page 84 - C:\Users\cbaro\OneDrive\Documents\Flip PDF Professional\Study Guide for the Orthopaedic Technology Certification Exams\

Postoperative Patient Care and Rehabilitation

Considerations

Postoperative care is a critical phase of orthopaedic surgery, ensuring patient recovery, reducing
complications, and restoring function. Orthopaedic technologists play an essential role in
monitoring patients, providing wound care, assisting in pain management, and coordinating
rehabilitation efforts. A thorough understanding of immediate post-surgical care and long-term
rehabilitation strategies is vital for optimizing outcomes and preventing complications.

1. Immediate Postoperative Care

Pain Management

• Effective pain control is essential for early mobilization and overall recovery.
• Common Pain Management Strategies:
o Intravenous (IV) Analgesics: Opioids such as morphine, fentanyl, or non-opioid
alternatives like acetaminophen and NSAIDs.
o Regional Anesthesia or Nerve Blocks: Used for procedures like total knee replacement
or shoulder arthroplasty to reduce post-op pain.
o Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): Allows patients to self-administer controlled
doses of analgesics.
• Orthopaedic Technologist’s Role:
o Monitor for signs of opioid overuse, respiratory depression, or adverse reactions.
o Educate patients on pain management expectations and non-pharmacological methods
(e.g., ice therapy, elevation).

Monitoring for Complications

Postoperative complications can significantly impact recovery and patient outcomes. Close
monitoring for early detection and intervention is crucial.

• Common Postoperative Complications:
o Infection: Signs include increased redness, swelling, warmth, purulent drainage, and
fever.
o Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Patients undergoing
lower extremity surgery are at higher risk. Symptoms include leg swelling, calf pain,
shortness of breath, and chest pain.
o Hemorrhage or Hematoma Formation: Excessive bleeding at the surgical site may
require immediate intervention.
o Neurovascular Compromise: Assess circulation, sensation, and movement (CSM)
frequently to detect complications like compartment syndrome.
o Pressure Ulcers and Skin Breakdown: Prolonged immobility can lead to pressure
injuries, especially in older or bed-bound patients.
• Orthopaedic Technologist’s Role:
o Perform frequent neurovascular assessments and document findings.
o Assist in applying compression devices or anticoagulation therapy for DVT prevention.
o Ensure proper wound dressing changes and aseptic technique to minimize infection risk.