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RATIOS FORMULAE
Fixed-payment coverage ratio
+
PROFITABILITY / + +
Gross profit margin {( + ) [1/(1 − )]}
Operating profit margin
Net profit margin
Return on assets (ROA)
Return on Equity (ROE)
Earnings per share (EPS)
Price earnings (P/E)
Payout
ℎ′
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ /
ℎ
ℎ
CXC A38/U2/16 69
