Page 164 - Human Rights

Faculty of Nursing
Adult care Nursing Department

A comprehensive framework for good regulatory governance is instrumental and accountability

arrangements are also fundamental (Nunes et al. 2009).

In this way, IRAs in the healthcare sector can be regarded as the logical consequence of the

assumption of a different approach to regulation where regulators must control both public and
private providers

Principles of IRAs’ Regulatory Governance

1 Goals of Regulatory Governance: To increase the performance of the regulatory agency, assure
its social responsibility concerning the search for the common good and ensure compliance with

accountability arrangements in a fair and transparent way.

2 External Controls:

a) Public Accountability: Explicit, public, and detailed procedures for evaluating the regulator with

a full public report (use reports, performance reports, compliance reports, and consultants), global
budgeting, fair grievance procedures (legal and non-legal), and adequate privacy protection

(adapted from Daniels et al. (1996)).

b) Democratic Accountability:

Auditing by political representatives such as the Parliament Select Committee on Health or other

political bodies.

c) Other External Controls: External mechanisms of reporting, public disclosure of the processes

and rationale adopted in regulation, external audits, financial accounting, and annual reports
(published on the Internet) (Nunes et al. 2011).

3 Internal Controls:

142 Academic Year 2025/2026