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Red bigeye (Priacanthus Macracanthus) protein as a potential precursor of bioactive peptides
using an in silico approach

1
* 1
1 Nor Salasiah Mohamed , Amiza Mat Amin, Ahmad Fisal

1 Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

* Corresponding author: msalasiah@mardi.gov.my

Abstract:

Red bigeye (Priacanthus macracanthus) is an economically important demersal fish species in
Malaysia. Red bigeye ranged between 5-34 cm. However, smaller fish below 15 cm is categorized as
low value fish. Red bigeye contains 17-18% protein. Fish protein is known as the precursors of
biologically active peptides that exert various health benefits such as antihypertensive, antitumor,
antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties. Hence, the aim of this study is to perform an in-silico
evaluation of the major proteins in red bigeye meat. A total of 7 proteins were identified by proteomic
analysis and the proteomic profiles were then analysed using an in silico approach i.e., BIOPEP
database. Protein number 6 (myosin heavy chain) sequences gave the highest number of bioactivities
(23) and protein number 7 (Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1) gave the lowest number of
bioactivities (15) among the other protein sequences. It was found that the most potential bioactive
peptides from red bigeye meat proteins are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, with frequency of bioactive fragments occurrence (A) of
0.419 and 0.577, respectively. Next, an in silico proteolysis using selected enzymes to obtain ACE
inhibitory and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides was performed. It was found that he most promising
proteinase to release high number of DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory peptides was pepsin (pH > 2), with
degree of hydrolysis 76%. The frequency of release of peptide with given activity by selected enzymes
(AE) of ACE inhibitory peptide and DPP-IV inhibitory was 0.0581 and 0.0892, respectively. Toxicity
prediction tool found that all peptides generated from red bigeye were non-toxic. Thus, this work
highlighted that red bigeye protein could be a promising precursor of bioactive peptides mainly with
ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activities.

Keywords: Red bigeye, in silico, BIOPEP, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), Dipeptidyl
Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)