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Utilization of agroindustrial residues in optimizing fish feed formulation

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1 Din Nurul Sakinah, Ibrahim Rabiatul Adawiyah, Zaulir Zahidah, Liew Hon Jung, Aizam Nur Aidya
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Hanum, Mubarak Aidilla
*

1 Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
3 Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

* Corresponding author: aidilla@umt.edu.my

Abstract:

Fish is widely consumed in Malaysia and regarded as one of the most important sources of protein in many
countries. Aquaculture activity is crucial in ensuring sufficient fish production to meet the demand from
the consumer. However, high cost of ingredients are common issues that exist in the aquaculture industry.
To ensure a viable feed formulation as well as effective fish production, this issue is vital to be resolved.
This research, therefore, aims to introduce a potential least-cost fish feed that optimizes the selection of
ingredients while complying with the nutrient requirement of the intended species, specifically focusing on
red hybrid tilapia for this study. The feed is formulated with incorporation of select agroindustrial residues
(pitaya peel and roselle calyx residue), together with the application of a mathematical modelling. This
study produces new feed formulations that achieves nutrient requirement target of the intended species,
with a reduced cost. The selling price of formulated feed has been minimized to RM 3.61 per kilogramme
(for juvenile feed) and RM 2.76 per kilogramme (for adult feed), 19.7% and 38.7% lower than the
commercial feed retail prices. The formulated feed from this study promises a cheaper feed than the
available feed on the market and could be beneficial to the industry.

Keywords: Agroindustrial residue, Red hybrid tilapia, Fish feed formulation, Least-cost feed, Sustainability