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Cardiogenic shock

Aziz Zaqah ID:1309

Cardiogenic shock: Cardiogenic shock is a clinical entity characterized by a low cardiac output state of
circulatory failure that results in end-organ hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. The most common cause of
cardiogenic shock is acute myocardial infarction, though other disorders leading to impairment of the
myocardium, valves, conduction system, or pericardium also can result in cardiogenic shock. Despite advances
in reperfusion therapy and mechanical circulatory support treatments, morbidity, and mortality among patients
with cardiogenic shock remain high.[1]

Signs and symptoms:

Patients with cardiogenic shock also exhibit signs and symptoms of pulmonary congestion and tissue
hypoperfusion [5]. These signs and symptoms can include:

1. Left ventricular pump failure
a. Acute myocardial infarction (STEMI, nonSTEMI)

b. Acute myocarditis
c. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

d. Cardiac contusion
e. End-stage cardiomyopathy

f. Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass
g. Septic shock with severe myocardial depression

2. Right ventricular pump failure
a. Right ventricular infarction

b. End-stage pulmonary hypertension
3. Acute valvular regurgitation

a. Ischemic mitral regurgitation
b. Papillary muscle rupture
c. Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve with rupture of chordae tendinae

d. Infective endocarditis

e. Aortic dissection
f. Trauma
4. Ventricular disruption

• Ventricular septal rupture

• Free wall rupture.

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