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m -ed and -ing adjectives 4C : p35

• We use -ed adjectives to describe how people feel : You
may be surprised by how much television we watch.
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• We use -ing adjectives to describe the thing, situation, The tennis match The holiday The walk is tiring.
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place or person that causes the feeling: TV programmes is exciting. is relaxing. They're tired.
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can be exciting or relaxing. She's excited. He's relaxed.

The book
The drama is boring. • The score The ride . . . . . .
The news
The noise
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1s surprising.
She's bored. is interesting. . ' . is frightening. 1s annoying. 1s worrying.
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He's interested. They're surprised. They're frightened. She's annoyed. She's worried.
TIP• People can be bored or boring and interested or interesting: Adela was bored because Mark was boring.
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m Present Perfect for life experiences (1): m Present Perfect for life experiences (2):
positive and negative 4A p31 yes/no questions with ever 48 El p32

• We use the Present Perfect for experiences that happened • We use the Present Perfect to ask about people's
some time before now. We don't know or don't say when experiences. We don't ask about when these experiences
they happened: He's done a lot of work for charity. happened.
• We use the Past Simple if we say exactly when something • We use the Past Simple to ask for more information about
happened: Danny started acting at the age of seven. these experiences.

POSITIVE auxiliary subject ever past
I/you/we/they+ 've (=have)+ past participle www.english0905.com participle
he/she/it + 's (= has) + past participle
Have you ever been to a music festival?
I've seen all of Johnny Depp's films.
Has he ever seen the Black Eyed Peas?
He's spent over $20,000 on costumes.
Has she ever heard of Miles Davis?
NEGATIVE
I/you/we/they + haven't (= have not)+ past participle Have they ever been clubbing together?
he/she/it + hasn't (= has not) + past participle
SHORT ANSWERS
You probably haven't heard of Danny Lopez.
She hasn't seen 'Pirates of the Caribbean'. Yes, I have./No, I haven't. Yes, she has./No, she hasn't.
Yes, you have./No, you haven't. Yes, we have./No, we haven't.
TIPS • We often use never with the Present Perfect: I've never
Yes, he has./No, he hasn't. Yes, they have./No, they haven't.
met Johnny Depp.
• To make past participles of regular verbs, add -ed or -d to TIPS • ever+ Present Perfect = any time in your life until now.
the infinitive: play-+ played, watch-+ watched, etc. The Past We often use ever in questions.
Simple and past participles of regular verbs are the same. • go has two past participles, been and gone. To talk about life
See lrl@M&O;fjt for spelling rules. experiences, we usually use been: I've been to the USA. (I went
• There are no rules for irregular past participles. There is an to the USA in the past and I'm not in the USA now).
Irregular Verb List, p167. • We can also say Yes, once/twice/lots of times, etc. or No, never.
as short answers.
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m Asking for opinions, agreeing and disagreeing 40 · p36 TIPS• We use Yes, definitely. and
No, definitely not. to say that we
asking for opinions agreeing disagreeing strongly agree or disagree with
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What do yo·u think, (Jackie)? I agree (with Amy). I'm not sure about that. something.
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What about you, (Ben)? Maybe }'.'Ou're right. I'm sorry, I don't agree.
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Do you think (students should pay)? Yes, I think so. No, definitely not. • We can also agree and disagree
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Do you agree (with that)? Yes, definitely. No, I don't think so. with Do you think . . . ? questions
with Yes, I do. and No, I don't.
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