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Present Continuous Present Simple
• We make the Present Continuous with: POSITIVE
subject + be + (not) + verb+ing
• For //you/we/they the Present Simple positive is the same as
POSITIVE the infinitive: I/You/We/They live in the UK.
I'm working at the moment.
• For he/she/it we add -s or -es to the infinitive: he lives, etc.
You/We/They're looking for a job.
He/She/ It's waiting for you. SPELLING RULES FOR HE/SHE/IT FORM
NEGATIVE spelling rule examples
I'm not driving very fast. most verbs: add -s plays likes reads
You/We/They aren't watching TV.
verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -s, watches /wotJ1z/
He/She/ It isn't working now.
-ss, -x or -z: add -es finishes /fm1J1z/
WH- QUESTIONS
verbs ending in consonant + y: study -+ studies
question auxiliary subject verb+ing -y -+ -ies
word the verbs go and do: add -es goes does / dAZ/
When am I leaving? the verb have is irregular has
Where are you going?
NEGATIVE
Who is he/she looking at?
• We make the Present Simple negative with:
What are we watching?
don't or doesn't + infinitive
What are they doing?
I/You/We/They don't live in Germany.
He/She/It doesn't want to go out.
YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
WH- QUESTIONS
Are you working today? Yes, I am./No, I'm not.
Are they watching TV? Yes, they are./No, they aren't. question auxiliary subject infinitive
Is he playing football now? Yes, he is./No, he isn't. word
Is she waiting for me? Yes, she is./No, she isn't. Where do you live?
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TIPS • See lij;f;iMMi;fJ> for the spelling rules for verb+ing forms. What does he/she do?
• We can also make negatives and negative short answers with When do they get up?
're not and 's not: We're not going. Is she waiting? No, she's not.
YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
• We often use the Present Continuous with now, at the moment,
today: What are you doing now? I'm working at home today Do you live here? Yes, I do./No, I don't.
He's checking his emails at the moment. Does she have a job? Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
l;J:Mlt~M;J!1t --------------------------------------- --
m Apologies, reasons and promises TIPS • We can also use No problem. to respond to an apology.
A I'm sorry, I can't come this evening. B No problem.
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• There is often a pattern in this type of conversation:
• For apologies we often use: we apologise -+ we give a reason -+ we make a promise.
I'm (really) sorry, (but) I can't/ couldn't + infinitive.
I'm re.ally sorry, but I can't say no to my mum.
I'm sorry, I couldn't flnish it this morning.
• For reasons we often use: I have to/had to + infinitive. I'm sorry, I didn't
• • • • • do my homework.
I have to take some clients out to dinner.
I had to work late.
1 had to help Henry. I'll do it tonight.
• For promises we often use: I'll+ infinitive.
I'll finish it now and email it to you.
I'll be back before eight thirty, I promise.
• To respond to an apology we often use these phrases:
Oh, don't worry.
• • •
Another time, maybe.
Oh, de·ar. What happened?
• • •
Oh, right. Why's that?
•