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       Present Continuous                                                     Present Simple
       •  We make the Present Continuous with:                                POSITIVE
           subject + be + (not) + verb+ing
                                                                              •  For //you/we/they the Present Simple positive is the same as
       POSITIVE                                                                  the infinitive: I/You/We/They live in the UK.
       I'm working at the moment.
                                                                              •  For he/she/it we add -s or -es to the infinitive: he lives, etc.
       You/We/They're looking for a job.
       He/She/ It's waiting for you.                                          SPELLING RULES FOR HE/SHE/IT FORM

       NEGATIVE                                                                 spelling rule                   examples
       I'm not driving very fast.                                               most verbs: add -s              plays  likes  reads
       You/We/They aren't watching TV.
                                                                                verbs ending in -ch,  -sh, -s,   watches /wotJ1z/
       He/She/ It isn't working now.
                                                                                -ss, -x or -z: add -es          finishes /fm1J1z/
       WH- QUESTIONS
                                                                                verbs ending in consonant + y:  study -+ studies
          question  auxiliary  subject  verb+ing                                -y -+ -ies
          word                                                                  the verbs go and do: add -es    goes  does / dAZ/
          When       am          I         leaving?                             the verb have is irregular      has

          Where      are         you       going?
                                                                              NEGATIVE
          Who        is          he/she    looking at?
                                                                             •  We make the Present Simple negative with:
          What       are         we        watching?
                                                                                 don't or doesn't + infinitive
          What       are         they      doing?
                                                                             I/You/We/They don't live in Germany.
                                                                              He/She/It doesn't want to go out.
       YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
                                                                             WH- QUESTIONS
         Are you working today?       Yes,  I am./No, I'm not.
         Are they watching TV?        Yes, they are./No, they aren't.           question  auxiliary  subject  infinitive
         Is he playing football now?   Yes,  he is./No, he isn't.               word
         Is she waiting for me?       Yes,  she is./No, she isn't.              Where       do         you       live?
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       TIPS • See lij;f;iMMi;fJ> for the spelling rules for verb+ing forms.     What        does       he/she    do?
       • We can also make negatives and negative short answers with             When        do         they      get up?
       're not and 's not: We're not going. Is she waiting? No,  she's not.
                                                                             YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
       • We often use the Present Continuous with now, at the moment,
       today: What are you doing now? I'm working at home today                Do you live here?      Yes,  I do./No, I don't.
       He's checking his emails at the moment.                                 Does she have a job?  Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.


       l;J:Mlt~M;J!1t --------------------------------------- --



       m  Apologies, reasons and promises                                    TIPS • We can also use No problem. to respond to an apology.
                                                                             A I'm sorry,  I can't come this evening. B No problem.
       30        p28
                                                                             • There is often a pattern in this type of conversation:
       •  For apologies we often use:                                        we apologise -+ we give a reason -+ we make a promise.
          I'm (really) sorry,  (but) I can't/ couldn't + infinitive.
          I'm re.ally sorry, but I can't say no to my mum.
          I'm sorry, I couldn't flnish it this morning.
       •  For reasons we often use: I have to/had to + infinitive.                      I'm sorry, I didn't
             •       •           •     •      •                                         do my homework.
          I have to take some clients out to dinner.
                                                                                        I had to work late.
          1 had to help Henry.                                                           I'll do it tonight.
       •  For promises we often use: I'll+ infinitive.
          I'll finish it now and email  it to you.
          I'll be back before eight thirty,  I promise.
       •  To respond to an apology we often use these phrases:
          Oh, don't worry.
             •     •      •
          Another time, maybe.
          Oh, de·ar. What happened?
               •        •    •
          Oh, right. Why's that?
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