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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Questions 16-20

A legend is a popular type of folk tale. In some ways, legends resemble
myths, another type of folk tale. But myths describe events from antiquity and
(line)
(5) usually deal with religious subjects, such as the birth of a god. Legends tell of
recognizable people, places, and events and often take place in comparatively
recent times. Some legends are based on real persons or events, but many are
entirely fictional. The legends of the superhuman accomplishments of Paul Bunyan
and Pecos Bill are imaginary, while the legends about Washington and Lincoln are
mostly exaggerations of real qualities those two presidents had.
(10)
All societies have legends. Most legends began as stories about the heroes
of a particular region, occupation, or ethnic group. For example, John Henry was a
legendary hero of black Americans, and Casey Jones of railroad workers. Over time,
however, these figures have become national heroes.

_____ 16. Both legends and myths can be classified as folk tales.
_____ 17. Myths generally take place in comparatively recent times.
_____ 18. The stories of Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill are not true, but they are based on actual
people.
_____ 19. Legends about Washington and Lincoln are not entirely fictional.
_____ 20. John Henry and Casey Jones are today well-known only by certain groups of people.

Exercise 46.3

Focus: Answering inference and purpose questions.
Directions: Read the following passages and the questions about them. Decide which of the
choices-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-best answers the question, and mark the answer. The first one is dom: as
an example.

Questions 1-4

Pigeons have been taught to recognize human facial expressions, upsetting
(line) long-held beliefs that only humans had evolved the sophisticated nervous systems to
(5) perform such a feat. In recent experiments at the University of Iowa, eight trained
pigeons were shown photographs of people displaying emotions of happiness, anger,
surprise, and disgust. The birds learned to distinguish between these expressions. Not
only that, but they were also able to correctly identify the same expressions on
photographs of unfamiliar faces. Their achievement does not suggest, of course, that
(10) the pigeons had any idea what the human expressions meant.
Some psychologists have theorized that because of the importance of facial
expression to human communication, humans developed special nervous systems
capable of recognizing subtle expressions. The pigeons cast doubt on that idea,
however.

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