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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Questions 18-20

The sea has been rising relative to the land for at least 100 years, geologists say.
(line) During that same period, the Atlantic Coast has eroded an average of 2 to 3 feet per
(5) year, the Gulf Coast even faster. Many engineers maintain that seawalls and replenished
beaches are necessary to protect the nation's shoreline. Too many people live or
vacation in Miami Beach, Atlantic City, or Martha's Vineyard to allow their roads and
buildings to simply fall into the sea.
The problem with seawalls is that they simply don't work. One study has shown
(10) that, in fact, seawalls accelerate the erosion of beaches.
Faced with the loss of their beaches, other communities have tried a simple but
expensive solution: replace the lost sand. These replenishment programs, however, are
(15) costly and of dubious value. Another study has shown that only 10% of replenished
beaches lasted more than 5 years.

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author
___ (A) opposes the use of both seawalls and beach replenishment
___ (B) believes beach replenishment would be more effective than seawalls
___ (C) opposes any actions to protect the shoreline
___ (D) denies that beach erosion is a problem
19. Why does the author mention Miami Beach, Atlantic City, and Martha's Vineyard?
___ (A) These are communities with seawalls.
___ (B) These are communities that have implemented replenishment programs.
___ (C) These are communities in danger of beach erosion.
___ CD) These are communities which have lost roads and buildings to erosion.
20. The author quotes the two studies in the passage in order to
___ (A) suggest that the sea is not rising as fast as was originally believed
___ (B) strengthen the engineers' contention that seawalls and replenished beaches are
necessary
___ (C) propose two new solutions to beach erosion
___ (D) support his own position

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