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1st Int. Transborder Conf. of the Timor Island: Timor %u2013 Science without borderDili, 7-8 May 2025145Differentiation of Bunak Language VarietiesRosa da Costa TilmanUniversidade Nacional Timor Lorosa%u2019e Instituto Nacional De Lingu%u013astica, Timor-LesteAbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the Bunak language variety, showed the geographical configuration of each Bunak region and its speakers, and described the language and its usage situation. This study aimed at classifying the genetics of the Bunak, provide an overview of the language structure, and present the results of research that has been conducted by other researchers on the Bunak Lamaknen and Lamaksanulu language varieties in Timor-Indonesia, as well as presenting the Bunak Lamakhitu, Kovalima, Ainaro, and Manufahi language varieties in Timor-Leste that we are currently studying. One way to determine the dialect in this study was by using dialect geography. In the linguistic map presented in this study, there were lines that limit the use of Bunak in one area to another, called isogloss lines. Isogloss lines provided a general overview between areas that have differences in terms of vocabulary, grammar used, and forms of pronunciation. This study showed that the area with the largest number of Bunak speakers is in the municipality of Bobonaro and Kovalima, and in smaller numbers in the district of Ainaro and Manufahi. The Bunak dialect area of Timor was found in five varieties: (a) Southwest %u2013 a phonologically conservative dialect area centered around Maukatar; (b) Lamaknen %u2013 a dialect phonologically and lexically intermediate between South and Northeast, sharing common and distinct features of both; (c) Northeast %u2013 a larger dialect, extending from Maliana eastward to Bobonaro and down to Zumalai, phonologically more radical; (d) Ainaro %u2013 a dialect characterized by significant Mambai influence, phonologically similar but not as advanced in the application of changes as Northeast; (e) Manufahi %u2013 a smaller dialect, characterized by a very different lexicon and relatively conservative phonology, having features different from Ainaro. At the end of the research, a Bunak dictionary can be created which contains all Bunak vocabulary from various Bunak dialects found in Timor-Leste.Keywords: Differentiation of Dialect, varieties of Bunak, Timor island.