Page 8 - Sahaja Sep_Oct_2020

AÛpXao ae\ncIÄ kkvX\nIfpapÅ ]ÝnaL« thK¯nð Xncn¨dnbpw. {]XnkÔn ]cnlcn¡phm³ AWs¡«v ]²XnIfpw (Ecologically Sensitive Zone - E S Z 1, 2, 3) XcwXncn¡pI. Pq¬ 1 apXð sk]väw_À hscbpÅ CSh¸mXnbneqsS
ae\ncIÄ temI¯nse {InbmßI {ia§Ä \S¯pw. `ojWnbmbn. ]pfnt§mw, 1600þ-1800 anño aoäÀ ag \mSn\p e`n¡póp. _m¡n agIÄ Xpem
]Ýna L«¯n\v H³]Xv tImSn hbÊmbn. C´y³ D] ]ÝnaL« ]cnØnXn AtYmdnän (WGEA) cq]oIcWw,
{][m\s¸« h\yPohn `qX¯m³sI«v FónhnS§fnð hÀjhpw th\ð agbpamWv. Pq¬ amk¯nse BZy
`qJÞ¯nð \nóv saUKmkv-IÀ Zzo]v thÀ]ncnªmWv hym]Iamb ssItbähpw J\\hpw h\ \ioIcWhpw AXnsâ kwØm\/Pnñm Xe cq]§Ä.
sshhn[y§fpsS {][m\ Bhmk BWh\neb§Ä Øm]n¡\pÅ Bgv¨bnepïmIpó iàamb ag¡p tijw Pqssebnð ag
XpS¡w. saUKmkv-IÀ thÀ]ncnªv cïv tImSn hÀj§Ä¡p aeIsf £bn¸n¨p Ignªp. ]s¯m¼Xmw \qämïnsâ
tI{µamWv Fóv {]tXyIw ]²XnIfpw DbÀóp hóncpóp. AXnc¸Ån ]²Xn¡v- AwKoImcw \ðtIïXnñ. Icp¯p Im«pw. BKÌnð agbpsS tXmXv Ipdbphm³ XpS§pw.
tijw C´ybpÄs¸Spó {]tZiw hSt¡m«v \o§pt¼mÄ, h³ A´yw hsc I\ymh\§Ä \ndªncpó ]ÝnaL«¯nð
]dtbïXnñ. ae\ncIfnð s]mXpth sNdnb agXpÅnIfpw Xoc§fnð
Aán]ÀÆX kv-t^mS\w DïmbXmbn `ua KthjIÀ Cóp IqSpXð `mKhpw tXm«§fmWv-. tZiob h\ \b{]Imcw tXbnet¯m«§fnð aqóq- Xcw E S Z Ifnepw a\pjy CSs]Sð hgn \S¡pó hen¸apÅhbpambncn¡pw. CSh¸mXnbnð IqSpXð ag
a®ns³d kz`mhs¯ ap³\nÀ¯n tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv. Hcp ]ÀÆX taJeIfnð 60% h\ambncn¡Ww. ]ÝnaL«¯nð IoS\min\nIÄ ImcWw BtcmKy {]hÀ¯\§sf, “sN¿mhpóXv-, ]mSnñm¯Xv-” Fó coXnbnð e`n¡póXv ImkÀtKmUv, I®qÀ, tImgnt¡mSv apXemb
tImSn sImñw IqSn Ignªt¸mÄ C´y³ Ic Gjy³ Cóv 40% ¯nð Xmsg h\w am{Xta Ahtijn¡pópÅp… {]iv\§Ä `ojWnbmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡póp. C§s\ \nÀt±in¡pt¼mÄ kpØnc hS¡³ PnñIfnð. sX¡³ PnñIfnð CSh¸mXn IpdhpamWv.
h³Icbpambn Iq«nbnSn¨p Fópw imkv{XÚÀ IcpXpóp. sskeâ v hmenbnepw tKmhbnse Ccp¼p J\\w ]ÝnaL«¯n\v Dïm¡nb \nð¡póp. s\ñnbm¼Xnbnse hnIk\w, a®-vþ-Peþ-h\þ-ssPh sshhn[y kwc£Ww Fóo Xpem hÀj¯nð adn¨pw. {][m\ ag¡me¯v cq]s¸Spó
XpSÀópïmb k½À±¯nð \nóv ]Ýna Xoc¯n\v ]qbwIp«nbnepw h\ apdnhpIÄ hepXmWv. IÀWmSI¯nse Ipt{ZapJv Ccp¼p ssPhk¼¯v Get¯m«§fpw Imcy§fmWv- {][m\ambpw ]cnKWn¨Xv-. ssPh taL§Ä sNdpXpw F®¯nð IqSpXepambXn\mð Xo{h
kam´cambn DbÀóp hó ae\ncIfmWv ]Ýna L«w. J\nbpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä aqew XpwK-`{Z \ZnIfnð Nfn Nmbt¯m«§fpw hótXmsS khntijXIÄ, Dbcw, sNcnhv-, ImemhØ, {]IrXnt£m`
\mi¯nð \miw t\cn«p. \ne¼qÀ ImSpIÄ km[yX, Ncn{X{]m[m\yw Fónhsbñmw IW¡nseSp¯v- agbpsS km[yX Ipdhmbncn¡pó temIs¯ Gähpw
Bdv kwØm\§fnembn \oïp InS¡pó ]ÝnaL« \ndªncpóp. icmhXn \ZnbpsS tað sI«nb enwK\a¡n tX¡n³ tXm«§Ä¡mbpw Cóbnó Imcy§Ä Bhmw, Cóbnó Imcy§Ä ]mSnñ Fóv- kpc£nX ag¡meambncpóp kwØm\¯ns³dsXóv
ae\ncIfpsS NcnhpIÄ (tIcfw {]tXyIn¨pw) Aán]ÀÆX Iemin¡mhpó AWs¡«v h\§sf \in¸n¨p. 1970 IfpsS Ahkm\¯nð bq¡ment¯m«§Ä¡mbpw \nÀt±in¡pIbmbncpóp kanXn. ]ÝnaL« {]tZis¯ Ncn{X¯nð \nóp a\Ênem¡mw. AXn\v ISI hncp²amb
s]m«ns¯dnbneqsS ]pdt¯s¡mgpInb emh AWs¡«v ]²XnIfpw Iymkt\mÀ t^mdÌv Unkokv Fó tcmKw IÀWmSI¯nð \in¸n¡s¸«ncpóp. aqómÀ `qhn\ntbmK¯nð kmaqlnI \nb{´Ww GÀs¸Sp¯pIbmWv- kw`h§Ä Npcp¡w Nne Ahkc§fnte Dïmbn«pÅp. 824
J\o`hn¨pïmbXmsWóv a®ns³d kz`mhw ]cntim[n¨mð ]SÀóp. l\pam³ ewKqÀ, sdUv t^kvUv Ipc§v FónhbpsS aeIfpsS ØnXnbpw hyXykvXañ. KmUv-Knð I½än sN¿m³ {ian¨Xv. Fómð B dnt¸mÀ«v se shÅs¸m¡w, 1341 sebpw 1924 sebpw t]amcnIÄ
kwibn¡mw. (Western Ghats is one of the largest escarpments `ojWnbmbn. hmkØe§Ä \in¸n¡s¸«t¸mÄ a\pjyhmk tI{µ§fnð \S¸nem¡nbnñ. ]Icw F¯nb IkvXqcn cwK³ dnt¸mÀ«nð FónhIsf \qämïv kw`h§fmbn tcJs¸Sp¯n. 1980 IÄ¡p
on earth, containing Reunion plume derived Deccan Traps, it is ]pfnt§mw, ]ÝnaL«¯ns³d {]XnkÔn 37% {]tZi¯p am{Xw \nb{´Ww aXn Fóv A`n{]mbs¸«p. tijw hcĨbpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw Gsd {]ISamWv.
an excellent example to probe epeirogenic uplift, extension and cq£amb kmlNcy¯nð ØnXn AXpw e£yw Iïnñ. 2018se {]fbw 2019 ð asämcp Xc¯nemhÀ¯n¨p. 2020 ð AXv
subsidence in volcanic continental margins). {]IrXnbpsS `qX¯m³sI«v a\Ênem¡n \nÀt±i§Ä s]«napSn Zpc´ambn amdn. agbpsS Xmf¯nð amäw kw`hn¨p.
\nc´camb {]hÀ¯\/{]Xn{]hÀ¯\¯neqsS Cós¯ FónhnS§fnð sh¡phm³ tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ kzm`mhnI agbv¡v ]Icw Xo{h agbpw AXnXo{h agbpw
cq]¯nte¡v a®pw ImemhØbpw amdn XocpIbmbncpóp. KmUv-Knð kanXn cq]oIcn¨p. hÀ²n¨p. agbpsS sam¯¯nepÅ Afhnse Ipdhnt\¡mÄ,
Aán]ÀÆX¯ns³d Ahinã§Ä XWp¯pdbphm³ \oï BWh\neb§Ä AhÀ 2011 ð tZiob kÀ¡mcn\p kz`mh¯nð henb amäw Zpc´§fmIpIbmWv. hcĨ
ImesaSp¡pIbpw AXv Zie£ hÀj§fneqsS PohnIÄ¡v Øm]n¡\pÅ dnt¸mÀ«v- kaÀ¸n¨p. Bdv- hÀ²n¨p. kqcymLmXw A]qÀÆañmsXbmbn. ]pXnb Xcw
A[nhkn¡phm³ Ignbpw hn[w ]cphs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. kwØm\§fnð Hcp ]IÀ¨ hym[nIÄ IqSn. Ch kwØm\¯n\v henb
]Ýna L«¯ns³d ]Snªmsd Ncnhnð a\pjy ]²XnIfpw DbÀóp hÀjt¯mfw \oïp\nó km¼¯nI Zpc´§Ä Dïm¡n hcpóp... H¸w BÄ\mihpw.
hmkapïmbn«v 10000 hÀj§Ä Ignªn«nñ. hóncpóp. sXfnshSp¸pIÄ \S¯nbpw CXns\ms¡bpÅ ImcW§fnð {][m\w {]IrXnbpsS
]cnØnXn kwLS\Ifpw hnIk\ LS\bnepïmb amäamWv.
]ÝnaL« ae\ncIfpsS {]tXyIXIÄ \nch[nbmWv.
AKkvXyÀ aesb Xebpw B\aebpw \oeKncnbpw IpN§fpw Im\dbpw tKmhbpw CSp¸pw hIp¸pIfpw imkv-{X kmt¦XnI
ChnsS am{Xw ImWpó kky, P´p hn`mK§Ä, hwi\miw ]ÝnaL«¯nse \ãs¸« `mK¯ns³d 65% hpw tIcf
klym{Zn ae\ncIÄ ]mZ§fpambn \oïp \nhÀóp ibn¡pó ]¨ ]pX¨ I\yIbmWv ]ÝnaL« ssItbä§Ä kaqlhpamsbms¡ kwhZn¨pw
t\cnSpóh, A]qÀh C\¯nð s]«h, C´ybnð Xsó AXnÀ¯n¡pÅnð kw`hn¨p. GItZiw 9 e£w slÎÀ h\w
\ncIÄ Fóv {]mNo\ cN\Ifnð (ImfnZmk\pÄs¸sS) hÀ®n¨p. 25 tImSn P\§fpsS kmt¦XnI NÀ¨Ifpw A`n{]mb
]ÝnaL« {]tZi¯p am{Xambn ImWpó kky PohPme§Ä tIcf¯nð \in¨n«pïv. ]ÝnaL«¯nse 70% ¯ne[nIw
\nXyPohnXs¯ t\cn«p _Ôn¸n¡pó tKmZmhcn, IrjvW, t\{XmhXn, Ip´n Imthcn, sshK ]me¡mSv Npcw, Bcy¦mhv cq]oIcW§fpw \S¯nbpamWv-
XpS§nb F{Xtbm {]tXyIXIÄ Ahbv¡pïv. h\y XWepÅ ImSpIÄ (Canopy) 1500 N.In. ao. Xmsg am{XamWv.
XpS§nb h³ \ZnIfpsSbpw \qdntesd hcpó sNdnb \ZnIfpsSbpw DÛh Øm\amWv ]ÝnaL«w. Npcw, t_mUn \mbv¡óqÀ Npcw, KmUv-Knð I½nän dnt¸mÀ«v-
PohnIfpsS CS\mgn, [mcmfw ip²Pe NXp¸pIÄ, CXns³d `mKambn ]pgIÄ timjn¨p. aeIÄ,
s]cp¼mSn Npcw, s]cnbL«v Npcw, X¿mdm¡nbXv-.
A]qÀhambn ImWpó NXp¸p h\§Ä, X®oÀ¯S§Ä sam«¡pópIfmbXn\mð ]pgIfnð shÅs¸m¡w hÀ²n¨p.
XmactÈcn Npcw, ]mðNpcw Fóo
apXembhbpÅ ]ÝnaL«w, Batkm¬ tZis¯ I½nänbpsS \nÀt±i§sf DcpÄ s]m«epw a®nSn¨nepw \nXy kw`hambn. Pe
7 Kym¸pIÄ ae\ncsb
HmÀ½n¸n¡póp. cmPys¯ 6% hnkvXrXn am{XapÅ ChnSw C§s\ t{ImUoIcn¡mw: kw`cWnIÄ IqSnbmb s\ð¸mS§sf Ic`qanbm¡n
a\pjykômc¯n\v klmbn¨p. ]«p®nIfnð hfcpó sshdkpIfpambv AhÀ hóv tcmKw a¬kq¬ Imäns³d hchpw kly\pw
C´ybnse 30% PohnIfpsS Bhmk tI{µamWv. Cu ]SÀ¯n. l´ntKmUp kn³t{Umw Fó tcmKw Bbnct¯mfw amänbXn\mð `qKÀ`Pe hnXm\w Ipdªp. ag¡mew
{]tXyIXIÄ DÅ ae\ncsb temI ss]XrI ]«nIbnð ae\ncIfpw \ZnIfpw A\p_Ô BfpIsf sImsómSp¡n. ImÀhmÀ, D¯c IóU PnñIfneqsS ]ÝnaL«s¯ ]qÀ®ambpw Hcp ]ÝnaL« aebpw Ncnhpw hmktbmKyam¡póXnð shÅs¸m¡ Imeambn. ImbepIfpw Ipf§fpw \nI¯s¸«p.
Pqsse 1, 2012 ð DÄs¸Sp¯n. AXnse {][m\ 39 tI{µ§fnð kwhn[m\§fpw BÀ¡pthïn HgpIpó Imfn \Znsb Zmt´en t]¸À anñpw tImÌnIv tkmUm ]cnØnXnteme {]tZiambn \nÀ®mbI ]¦p hln¨p hcpóXv 5 tImSn hÀjambn hoipó Ad_n¡Sð IqSpXð t£m`n¡pó AhØbnse¯n.
20 F®hpw tIcf¯nð \nópÅhbmbncpóp. cmPys¯ Fó tNmZy¯n\pÅ D¯cw, ^mIvädnbpw hnjen]vXam¡n. Xangv\m«nse Xm{a]ÀWn \Zn IW¡m¡pI. AXnð Xsó Pe a¬kqWmWv. s]dphns³d Xoc¯p \nópw XpS§n ]k^n¡v, tIcfw Fó tZiw ]mcnØnXnIamb Zpc´ `ojWn¡p
]pjv]n¡pó kky§fnð 27% hcpó 4000 C\§Ä a\pjy\p thïn am{XsaópÅ IcbnepÅ t]¸À anñpIÄ kam\ {]iv\§Ä hcp¯nsh¨p. e`yXbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n Aävem³dn¡v kap{Z§Ä ISóv C´y³ kap{Z¯neqsS ap¼nð hnd¨p \nð¡pIbmWv. AXn\pÅ ]cnlmcw \½psS
]ÝnaL«¯nemWv. 645 Xcw h³ ac§Ä ChnsS hfcpóp. Isï¯ens³d Xnà^e§Ä sImssS¡\menð ckw KpcpXcamb ]mcnØnXnI {]iv\§Ä {]tXyI ]cnKW\ \ðIpI. Ad_n¡Senð hoipó a¬kq¬ Cós¯ cq]¯nembn«v 50 ]ÝnaL«s¯ apXð CS\mSns\bpw Xoc{]tZis¯bpw
hÅns¨SnIÄ 850 apXð 1000 Xcapïv. ]ÝnaL«¯nð temIw Ct¸mÄ A\p`hn¨p Dïm¡n. F³tUmkÄ^m³ ImkÀtKm«pw apXe aSbnepw Cu {]tZis¯ ssPh, `uXnI, e£w hÀj§tf Bbn«pÅp. Pq¬ 1 apXð Unkw_À 1 hsc ]camh[n ]gb AhØbnte¡v ]Sn]Snbmbn aS¡n
Iïphcpó 682 Xcw ]mbepIfnð 28% Cu {]tZi¯p am{Xw hcnIbmWv. {]kvXpX Fñm PohnIsfbpw _p²nap«n¨p. ]mcnØnXnI LSI§Ä hoipó Imäv (sX¡p ]Snªmd³ a¬kqWpw hS¡p sImïpt]mIemWv. AXn\mhiyamb kpØnc hnIk\
ImWmw (Endemic Species). \s«ñnñm¯ 350 Xcw tNmZy¯n\pÅ D¯cw `qanbnse IW¡nseSp¯v- AhnSps¯ Ing¡³ a¬kqWpw) C´y³ `qJÞs¯ {]IrXn ]²XnIÄ km[yam¡Ww. temI ss]XrI kz¯mbn
PohnhÀ¤§fnð 70, 330 Ddp¼v hÀ¤§fnð 37 C\§Ä, 174 kÀÆ NcmNc§Ä¡pw 2001 ð ]q«nt¸mb _nÀf {Kq¸nsâ amhqÀ {Kmknw dtbm¬kv ]cnØnXntemeX IW¡m¡n, k¼óam¡n amän. AwKoIcn¨p hó tIcf¯ns³d {]IrXnsb
Xcw Nn{Xie`§fnð 70, 255 aÕy§fnð 115, 22 Xcw D`b FómsW¦nð a\pjy hÀ¤w S®n\v Hcp cq] sImSp¯mWv apf hm§nbncpóXv. sam¯w {]tZis¯ aqóv- a¬kq¬ Imäns³d Gähpw \ñ KpWt`màmhmbn kpc£nXam¡phm³, aqtóImð tImSn aebmfnIÄ Hscmä
PohnIfnð 17, 225 Xcw DcK§fnð 147 F®w Cu {]tZi¯p {]IrXn¡v apIfnð \S¯pó ]ÝnaL«¯nse ap¨n¡pïv ssItbäw, NXncqÀae ssItbäw ]cnØnXnteme taJeIfmbn Adnbs¸Spó {]tZiamWv tIcfw. tIcf¯nse ag {]IrXn¡v a\Êmbn Hón¡ptam? adn¨msW¦nð tIcf¡cbpsS `mhn
am{Xw Iïphcpóp (Endemic). 500 Xcw ]£nIfpw. 120 IpXnc Ibäs¯ temIw cm{ãob¸mÀ«nIfpsS ]n´pWtbmsS kw`hn¨p. sskeâ v
hmenbnepw ]qbwIp«nbnepw h\ \mi¯nð Iemin¡mhpó CW§pw hn[ambncpóp e`n¨p hóXv ({]Xn hÀjw 3 aoäÀ). IqSpXð CcpfSªXmbn Xocpw Fóv \½Ä Xncn¨dnbWw.
8 sk]väw_À þ HIvtSm_À 2020