Page 158 - The Fourth Industrial Revolution

Notes

1
The terms “disruption” and “disruptive innovation” have been much discussed in business and
management strategy circles, most recently in Clayton M. Christensen, Michael E. Raynor, and Rory
McDonald, What is Disruptive Innovation?, Harvard Business Review, December 2015. While
respecting the concerns of Professor Christensen and his colleagues about definitions, I have employed
the broader meanings in this book.

2
Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and
Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, W.W. Norton & Company, 2014.

3
James Manyika and Michael Chui, “Digital Era Brings Hyperscale Challenges”, The Financial
Times, 13 August 2014.
4
The designer and architect Neri Oxman offers a fascinating example of what I just described. Her
research lab works at the intersection of computational design, additive manufacturing, materials
engineering and synthetic biology.
https://www.ted.com/talks/neri_oxman_design_at_the_intersection_of_technology_and_biology

5 Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne, with contributions from Citi Research, “Technology at
Work – The Future of Innovation and Employment”, Oxford Martin School and Citi, February 2015.
http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/reports/Citi_GPS_Technology_Work.pdf
6
David Isaiah, “Automotive grade graphene: the clock is ticking”, Automotive World, 26 August 2015.
http://www.automotiveworld.com/analysis/automotive-grade-graphene-clock-ticking/

7 Sarah Laskow, “The Strongest, Most Expensive Material on Earth”, The Atlantic,
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/09/the-strongest-most-expensive-material-on-
earth/380601/

8 Some of the technologies are described in greater detail in: Bernard Meyerson, “Top 10 Technologies
of 2015”, Meta-Council on Emerging Technologies, World Economic Forum, 4 March 2015.
https://agenda.weforum.org/2015/03/top-10-emerging-technologies-of-2015-2/

9
Tom Goodwin, “In the age of disintermediation the battle is all for the consumer interface”,
TechCrunch, March 2015.
http://techcrunch.com/2015/03/03/in-the-age-of-disintermediation-the-battle-is-all-for-the-customer-
interface/

10 K.A. Wetterstrand, “DNA Sequencing Costs: Data from the NHGRI Genome Sequencing Program
(GSP)”, National Human Genome Research Institute, 2 October 2015.
http://www.genome.gov/sequencingcosts/

11
Ariana Eunjung Cha, “Watson’s Next Feat? Taking on Cancer”, The Washington Post, 27 June
2015.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2015/06/27/watsons-next-feat-taking-on-cancer/

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