Page 192 - PG 504-theoretical notes-phyto-1-2024-2025..

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

b) Scarification process

• The apparatus is made of a cup-shaped funnel, provided with a short, closed stem,
which serves both as a handle and as a reservoir for the exuded oil.

• Projecting from the inner surface of the cup are numerous pins just long enough to
penetrate the epidermis of citrus fruits, e.g. lemon, with a rotary movement.

• The liquid exuding from the ruptured oil glands collects in the stem, where it is
transferred to a collecting vessel

Preparation of volatile oil after
enzymatic hydrolysis
• If the volatile oil is found in the plant in a glycosidal combination

• The volatile oil is set free only by hydrolysis

• On hydrolysis by certain enzymes, the glycoside is hydrolyzed to give the aglycone
and the sugar

• The odoriferous aglycone is distilled which is the volatile oil obtained by this method
4- Enzymatic Method

(1) Allyl isothiocyanate, Mustard oil
S glucose
N C S
C Myrosin
N OSO 3 K + H 2 O Allyl isothiocyanate + KHSO4
+ Glucose
Sinigrin

(2) Bitter almond oil (Benzaldehyde by Prunase enzyme)
OGluc-Gluc.
HC CHO
CN

Purnase
+ H O + HCN + 2 Glucose
2

Amygdalin Benzaldehyde

(3) Methyl salicylate (oil of winter green)

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