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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)
▪ Antidiarrheal and anticonstipation preparation, e.g. pectin and mucilage.
▪ Surgical dressings, e.g. cellulose.
▪ Certain Antibiotics are carbohydrate derivatives (e.g: streptomycins,
neomycins and kanamycins.
▪ Some important drugs:
o Inositol nicotinate ……………….… Peripheral vasodilator.
o Inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid)… Hypocalcaemia and complexing
agent.
o Lactulose (semi-synthetic)…………. Laxative.
o Sucralfate: (semi-synthetic) ……….. Antiulcer
o Glucosamine………………………... Reconstruct the cartilage matrix.
o Chitosan (Polysaccharide)………… To manage body weight
Nomenclature and Classification of Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates has one of the carbons being the carbonyl group of either an
aldehyde or a ketone.
➢ The suffix-ose indicates that a molecule is a carbohydrate, and the prefixes
tri-, tetr-, pent-, and so forth indicate the number of carbon atoms in the
chain.
➢ Monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group are classified as aldoses
(pentose, hexose); those containing a ketone group are classified as ketoses
as indicated with the suffix ulose; thus, a five- carbon ketose is also termed
a Pentulose.
Another type of classification scheme is based on the hydrolysis of certain
carbohydrates to simpler carbohydrates i.e. classifications based on number
of sugar units in total chain. They are classified into three major classes:
1) Monosaccharide 2) Oligosaccharide 3) Polysaccharide
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