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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

4-Optical activity

• Monosaccharides and water-soluble oligosaccharides are optically active and

determination of their specific rotation is useful for their identification.

5- Many display the phenomenon of mutation.

Stereochemistry and configuration of the asymmetric carbon atoms

In the sugar molecule.

 Configuration: It means the arrangement of groups in the structure of the

asymmetric carbon atom.

 Isomers: The compounds possessing same molecular formula and different

structure. The phenomenon of existence of isomers is called Isomerism.

Isomerism is 2 types: a. Structure Isomerism b. Stereoisomerism

 Structure Isomerism: Aldose-Ketose

Isomerism: Two monosaccharides have the same

molecular formula but differ in their functional

groups. One has an aldehyde group (aldose e.g.

glucose), the other has a ketone group (Ketose e.g.

fructose). Glucose and Fructose are isomers of each

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