Page 53 - PG 504-theoretical notes-phyto-1-2024-2025..

Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

▪ Concentrated sulfuric acid removes the elements of water form sugar

molecules to give carbon (charcoal).

▪ Nitric acid oxidizes aldoses into dicarboxylic acids (saccharic acids).

▪ Many tests used for the identification and analysis of carbohydrates are based

upon the production of strongly colored materials by reaction of the acid

degradation products with a number of phenols, aromatic amines and certain

aliphatic amino acids. Examples are:

Substance used Reaction Name Test for :

-Naphthol /H 2SO 4 Molisch’s test All carbohydrates

Resorcinol /HCl Seliwanoff’s test Ketose

Urcinol / HCl Bial’s test Pentose

Condensation product unstable
Purple / deep violet color
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