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74 C. Wu
Fig. 4.4 Tobacco culture of native American Indian.
Left: Wood carved plate posted American native tobacco and smoking, collection of Tobacco store
of Harvard Yard, Cambridge, USA. Right: Pipe exhibited in Spurlock Museum in University of
Illinois at Urbana and Champaign, USA. Photographed by C. Wu
of tobacco of Zhangzhou was greater than that in Luzon and was exported tobacco products
to Luzon. (Yao 2008, pp. 261)
L. Zhang ('") said in Kanxi ()!) 34th year (1695) in his book of Benjing
Fengyuan (The Principle of the Materia Medica, !%!"&"):
The smoking of tobacco have not been recorded by local chronicles except for Korea
Annals ("!!), which states that Hokkiens had been the earliest group of people to
smoke tobacco for preventing miasma. Then tobacco disseminated to northern China for
preventing cold and now extended throughout our country. It is worried about that tobacco
would be poisonously harmful to health after the smoke going through the inner organs of
body. (Zhang 1996, pp. 3)
The famous litterateur of early Qing Dynasty E. Li ('$) said in his Fanxie
Shanfang Ji (Analects Collections of Fanxie Studio, !!!!##"):
