Page 179 - Vol_2_Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaport Trade

150 T.-K. Lu

the Dutch forts, and were the dominant wares that were re-export by the Dutch from
Taiwan. There were two sources of these Chinese blue-and-white porcelains. One
was from Chin-te-chen (!!!) Kiln, Kiang-xi province, the other were the
products from Fujian Province, which were also called provincial wares.
The Kraak porcelains made by Chin-te-chen Kiln could be recognized as “!ne
porcelain” which usually can be seen on the Dutch records. Most of the
blue-and-white Kraak porcelains found in Taiwan (including Pen-hu archipelago)
are shaped to dishes, plates, and few other vases. There are four types of plates in
below.

• Type I plate: The central medallion of the plate is decorated with deer among
rock and trees; about 20 cm in dimension. According the scheme of decoration
of the rim and cavetto, there are two subtypes as follows.
• Type I A plate: ducks among water-plants on the flat rim; no decoration on the
cavetto (Fig. 8.2-1). Same wares could be seen from the ceramics found in
Drake Bay, California, east coast of Northern America, which could be traced to
two historic events of the late sixteenth century. One is Francis Drake’s landed
Golden Hind in Drake Bay and traded his porcelain cargoes with native
American in 1595. The other is in 1595, the Spanish galleon San Agustin sank
around the waters of same region (Shangraw et al. 1981). Furthermore, Similar
plates with deer motif are also among the archaeological relics found at National
Palace, Zocalo area, the historical center of Mexico City (Kuwayama 1997: 53).
• Type I B plate: The rim and cavetto is decorated with large panels with flowers
separated by narrow panels with beaded pendants (Fig. 8.2-2). Above
mentioned motifs are drawn in single line. Same wares could be found in many
shipwreck sites where were dated in !rst half of the seventeenth century, such as
Spanish galleon Santa Margrita (1601) in Maliyana Islands, (Harbeston 2003:
12) Dutch V.O.C. cargo Witte Leeuw (1613) at St. Helena Island in Atlantic
Ocean (van der Pijl-Ketel 1982: 81–82), Wanli shipwreck (middle of the
1620’s) at the east coast state of Terengganu in Peninsular of Malaysia
(Sjostrand and Syed Idrus 2007: 208–213), and Hatcher shipwreck (1643) in
Southern China Sea (Sheaf and Kilburn 1988: pl. 47).
Usually, the typeIA plate could be traced from the third quarter of the sixteenth
century to early seventeenth century (Rinaldi 1989: 78–79; Krahl 1986: 694).
However, according to the archaeological materials, typeIA and B plates were
exported to overseas markets at the same time in early seventeenth century, for
example, the Spanish galleon San Diego (1600) found in Luzon, Philippine Islands
(Desroches and Giordan 1996: 314–355). Furthermore, both IA and IB type Kraak
porcelains also could be found at the Edo sites, Tokyo, Japan. After researching the
historic records, the date of the wares could be traced back to 1630s (Horiuchi
1991: 194–194). Type I Kraak plates found at Fen-Gui-Wei Dutch fort in Pen-hu
Archipelago, Taiwan, could precisely be dated between 1622 and 1624, which
could also be seen as another set of standard dated wares.