Page 184 - Vol_2_Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaport Trade

8 The Kraak Porcelains Discovered from Taiwan … 155

Chinese porcelain cargos that the Spaniard purchased in northern Taiwan were
shipped back to Manila, they became parts of the various Chinese goods carried by
Manila galleons and were transshipped to America and Europe.

8.4 Kraak Porcelain Discovered in Macao

A large quantity of ancient ceramic shards found in the R. Central, the hillside of
St. Augustine’s Square, Macao in 1994, now a collection of the museum of Macao,
is an essential indication of the Sino-Portuguese trade during the Age of
Exploration. Through the author’s research (Lu 2013: 151–176), the ceramics can
be divided into three periods (from the second half of the 16th century to the !rst
half of the 17th century, from the second half of the 17th century and the 18th
century to the 19th century). These materials clearly reveal that Macao as one of the
major export seaports for the Chinese trade porcelains. There are many high quality
kraak porcelains among these ceramic remnants, including dishes and bowls in
various sizes (Figs. 8.4-1–4), cup (Fig. 8.4-5), vases, kendi and covered boxes.
Some uncommon shards found at St. Augustine’s Square site reveal the con-
nection between Macao and manila among the Catholic Church communities. For
example, a shard of broken dish was decorated with the Hydra (Fig. 8.4-6). The
complete dish collected by the Santos Palace in Lisbon (Fig. 8.4-8;
Lion-Goldschmidt 1984: 44) suggests the drawing was a seven heads dragon and
the !gures in Latin Proverb. Same kind of motif could also be found on the stone
façade of Cathedral of St. Paul’s in Macao (Fig. 8.4-7). A pottery shard of olive jar
rim found at St. Augustine’s Square site (Fig. 8.4-9) could be seen as a typical
Spanish storage jar which was usually found in Spanish colonial terrestrial and
shipwreck sites.
The trade ceramics found in Macau witnessed the cross-cultural exchange
between the east and the west, presenting many fascinating factors and develop-
ments of the material cultural influence around the world.

8.5 The Japanese Hizen Ware Trade in Taiwan
in the Second Half of the 17th Century

In 1661, the last admiral of Ming Dynasty, Cheng Ch’eng-Kung (Koxinga; #!
!), drove away the Dutch and occupied Taiwan. The island turned out to be the
last bastion of Ming Dynasty and against the Manchurian of Qing Dynasty. Cheng
Ching (!"), the son of Cheng Ch’eng-Kung, succeeded to the throne in 1662 and
continued to !ght over the Manchurian until 1683. In order to raise large amount of
money to support the war expenses, Cheng Ching managed the agriculture in
Taiwan and positively developed overseas trade. A historical record wrote in the
early Qing period, described as follows: