Page 16 - EIA Report on Tanzanian African Ivory Smuggling 2014 report

“As of October TANZANIA CASE STUDIES: in the form of raw tusks concealed in
2014, a definitive
detention sentence IVORY SMUGGLING SYNDICATES
has occurred only
in a single case” Tanzania’s elephant herds are being
systematically wiped out to feed the
burgeoning ivory markets of Asia,
specifically China. This constitutes one
of the most serious environmental
crimes of the past decade.
Sophisticated criminal networks
comprising Tanzanian poachers and
middlemen, corrupt officials and Chinese
traders are generating tens of millions
of dollars in profits a year, with the
bulk of the revenue accrued by the
Chinese traffickers. These networks
span remote regions such as the Selous,
collection centres and exit ports in
Tanzania, smugglers in the main transit
countries and distributors in the end
market of China.
Until recently, efforts by Tanzanian
enforcement agencies and counterparts
in Asia to tackle and disrupt these
criminal networks have been inadequate
and largely ineffectual. This is illustrated slipping out of Tanzania unhindered,
by the failure of Tanzanian agencies to
detect large seizures of ivory leaving
the country.
Tanzania is unique in that virtually all of
the ivory smuggled out of the country is
© Alex Hofford
15
shipping containers which exit via just
three ports; Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar
and Mombasa in neighbouring Kenya.
Despite such clear choke points for
effective intervention, until 2013 more
ivory poached in Tanzania was intercepted
outside the country than within it.49
This has been the situation for more
than a decade. In 2010, it was reported
that since 2002 all seizures of ivory over
one tonne involving Tanzania occurred
after leaving the country, accounting for
two-thirds by weight of all ivory seizure
incidents linked to Tanzania.50 Figures
from the Wildlife Division show that
from 2009-14 within Tanzania, 22.6
tonnes of ivory was seized.51 EIA’s
database of major ivory seizures around
the world shows that during the same
period, 40.7 tonnes of ivory linked to
Tanzania was intercepted outside the
country.52 Such a pattern indicates
chronic inefficiency and corruption in
Tanzania’s port controls.
In addition to the bulk of poached ivory
when the authorities do make a
significant seizure in the country the
main culprits are usually not caught and
the convoluted judicial process rarely
leads to a successful prosecution and
deterrent. Figures from the Wildlife