Page 82 - Christie's Hong Kong November 29, 2022 Chang e Wha Collection of Jades

fig. 1 Collection of the Xianyang Museum
圖一 西漢 玉辟邪 咸陽博物院藏品
fig. 2 Collection of the Xianyang Museum
圖二 西漢 玉辟邪 咸陽博物院藏品
的形式幾乎沒有一件是相同的，但皆是集頭有雙角或獨角、
獅或虎首及身、羊鬚、鳥翅於一體，充分表現兇猛超凡、神
奇威武之勢。製作工藝則在圓雕上施以線刻、淺浮雕、高浮
雕、管鑽鏤空等技法，陀工俐落剛勁，肌理圓潤飽滿，體勢
磅礡威猛。
＜玉辟邪＞獸首似獅類虎，「虎」的精神內涵似乎更為有
趣，三國時諸葛孔明在其兵書中即造就出大家耳孰能詳的
成語「如虎添翼」，以揭櫫善用兵者的將帥之能。此成語
典出清朝乾嘉年間著名文獻學家家張澍（1781~1847）所輯
《諸葛忠武侯文集．卷四》＜將苑．兵權＞：「夫兵權者，
是三軍之司命，主將之威勢。將能執兵之權，操兵之要勢，
而臨群下，譬如猛虎，加之羽翼，而翱翔四海，隨所遇而施
之。…」諸葛亮「如虎添翼」的用兵之道，活脫脫就是漢代
＜玉辟邪＞帶翼之虎的形象寫照。
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fig. 3 Collection of the National Palace Museum
圖三 東漢 玉辟邪 國立故宮博物院藏品
tiger-like bixie with shorter snouts, and closely resembles the griffin
of Western Asia.
Amongst the very few excavated and heirloom examples of jade
bixie, the two examples from the Weiling tomb are dated the
earliest, indicating that the production of these bixie carvings in the
round began as early as mid Western Han Dynasty. Although none
of the bixie carvings from the Two Han Dynasties appear identical
to one another, they share these characteristic: double or single-
horned, with lion or tiger head and body, goat beard and bird wings.
They are also extremely fierce, powerful in musculature, gallant in
stature, carved in the round and decorated with incised decoration,
shallow relief, high relief and pierced decoration in precise and neat
wheel cuts.
Although jade bixie have heads like a lion or a tiger, it is the tiger
that most embodies its essence. In the Three Kingdoms period,
Zhuge Liang in his military strategy coined the now well-known
term ‘like a tiger added with wings’ to describe a general that excels
at deploying his troops. The origin of this phrase can be found in
his anthology Zhuge Zhongwuhou wenji, juan 4, edited by Zhang Shu
(1781-1847):
Military command is the mandate to lead the three armies, and the
authority of the chief commander. A general who has the command
of the army and knows the essence of troop deployment to gain the
upper hand, is like a fierce tiger that has been given wings and able
to travel the four seas, to apply force when he sees fit.’
Zhuge Liang’s description of an able general as ‘a tiger added with
wings’ is the Han Dynasty jade bixie personified.