Page 26 - Baofang Collection Imperial Ceramics, Christie's Hong Kong May 29, 2019

fig. 2 Yongzheng yuzhi ruby-ground wine cup and stand. fig. 3 Yongzheng yuzhi pink-ground bowl.
Sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, 26 April 1999, lot 537 Collection of the Palace Museum, Beijing
எՀ 㫇᫈ᇙㅳ᪪⡚஠㜮⎷ࣿ⎷Ꮴ 㲞ᳰצ೥ᇑ卿 ჺ ᝲ ᚚ卿ᐽ৅ ⽚ எӲ 㫇᫈ᇙㅳ᪪⬄⬖⡚஠⎾ ࢈՗ᘢ༈ࢷ⁒㩴⻦৅

the utmost faith in Prince Yi’s loyalty and abilities and charged him ݯׅ݊࣊ᇌ卿ἃ㚈Ⴝ㋦⩧ᚿलዴᙲ㈅⧲ Ĥ ݈▼ǯ㫇᫈Ⴝཌስㇼ
with the posts of Superintendent of Court Affairs and Commander-
ℳ⎏ሉाԠᇵক⬒࠺Ԡ㵶┱ؼӶ⋕卿ᝪউԠ߅֌㍗ᘟഌ⯀卿Ԇ
general of the Ministry of Revenue, with accountability for the Three
⥙↚Ꮛ㛑Ӳᄣǯᘢ᫉卿㱐ᇵᬆप༈ᅡהரՔྏስㇼℳ❖㖺❧உǯ
Storehouses. Prince Yi was therefore responsible for the management
of the imperial ateliers of the Yangxindian. The Qing Archives of the 㱐ᇵᬆǶ㙁㗤⽔पהᎰڔ᰻㈷᳖ᨯǷԋ卿ᝳӬ✖㫇᫈ݪჺ < ࣊
th
Imperial Workshops in the Yangxindian contain a record for the 12 day
ݩ݉ ჺ > ӮᝲࢦՀᚚ⎏㉃㢙ǯᗌ஋ᚺஊӮᝲࢦՀᚚ׹Ⴗ♑卿
th
of the 7 month of the 6 year of the Yongzheng reign [AD 1728]. On
th
ӮᝲߝࢦስㇼℳՒ㇛ᰑ⇈⇶ᙠݬԬ᧙卿औᙲಫ⇈⇶ᙠݬԬ᧙ǯ
that day the Imperial Workshop of the Household Department received
a note, which came from the Summer Palace, saying that two days earlier 㚿ԋᱡឃഠስㇼℳ㋢卿┱㊘᫉ᙠǸᘘங㙁㗤⽔ڔ᧙卿غ῟⅘∇
Prince Yi had presented nine Western coloured enamels and a further
ᛞᾅ᫉᧙ǯ␖໬Ӯᡟߪ⅘∇ᅐ卿ᬔ᧙῟Ӳ⎋ᙩ < ⡙ ݩᙩ >卿
nine new enamel colours. Having received instructions from Prince
Yi, Director Haiwang assured him that all these enamel colours were ݻ῟⇈⇶‷ᛞ⫫ᇌكⶔ㉃⽚ǯǹऔംᓽߪ卿Ǹ⪡ᇑ㇛ᰑ՞㊯⇈
stored at the Imperial ateliers so that they could be used for comparison ⇶㊽ⰰ⊇അ‰㧰ᯌǹ卿‰ᇌǸ᠝ᇑ᫋Ⲗᬆ㬖Ꮡ⯠ໄᘘ㏛അ‰㧰
when firing enamels. Song Qige was given the task of going to the
ᯌǹǯ⇈⇶ᆭ⣌᠝ᡛᇌ卿㛑֍ՒԽ␰㪃໶ჺႱౕ ⯍
glass factory and making 300 catties (approximately 181 kilos) of each
sample. After they were made, they were carefully labelled. It was said ჺங֌ ῟≢⊇ǯ⊐᫉⏭׹卿 ⯍ ჺឆ㧿㜩ㅳ⎏⇈⇶ᆭ
that Westerners mixed their enamels with doermendina oil and after a भݬՀࢦӬ᪪卿᳋भ⩧Ꮀ⎏⇈⇶ᆭᙇ⏖ᝤഅ卿㊄㇦߿㘚ⶬהǶ㞖
search some was found in a side room of the Wuying Hall. After the
Ꮀ᚟ᛇ厍᳖㫇᫈⇈⇶ᆭ≢Ƿ㮰 㲮ᚺⅸᖬ༵⎏ᄑ㈲ǯ
enamels were checked some were given to Nian Xiyao (ჺႱౕ1726-
36), supervisor of the Imperial kilns, with instructions for their use on
ទᐽ৅஠ຽᏒ⊇⎏Ⅴ⇣⡚ᙠℒݰӬᡟ卿ᇈज⬒ᛓᄮᾭថჺ༈ԋ
porcelains. It would seem that between 1693 and 1728 some 21 different
enamel colours had been developed and even more colours could be הரⒺ⎉⩧Ꮀǯ㰆὞卿ᄮᾭᛮឆ⊺≢Ⴧजս㚁⊇⎏ⰰᆭᙇ⏖
created by mixing. (See Fung Ming-chu, ‘Preface’, Porcelain with painted ഌಫ卿⩧ӻ㫇᫈ӬងՔ㘘ᝳࠛᙲ卿ལ᫉जࣻ⩠ӳᙔᏒ㘚ǯᝳՋ
enamels of Qing Yongzheng period (1723-1735), op. cit., p. 10).
ⰰᆭᴹ⯇᪹ᰲ卿ᝳ⎏ᛓ༈ᅡהர⎏ㅳ৅卿⸌୬⎑ӳᆎ㊽ԋஇ႙
The distinctive deep pink enamel, which provides the ground colour for the ࢎᏒ⊇⎏ទக⇈⇶ᆭ፽⯝㇛ᰑ۔ݣ⩢ჹߎ☌ⰰ卿≾ᎵᝤࡠӬ
current bowls appears to have been developed at the imperial workshops in ⟏ǯᘢ᫉卿༈ԋリ㑇⎏᪹ᰲ⪉♤ᝯ۔ᘰ೥ࣿԋஇ⅘∇႙ࢎ⎐ᝳ
the late Kangxi reign. Indeed, a range of new colours entered the Chinese ࣻ⯝⏟㨸⎏႙הǯᛞ⯍Հࢦӽ⡕卿☑ໝ།⊇㰆ᇤ㥚ߎ៝⬄⬖
decorator’s palette in the late Kangxi reign and more were added in the
Yongzheng reign, as noted above. Some of these came from Europe and ⡚ᙠᛞ卿⎉→ᝳ⡚ⰰ㯤⠄ᱢ᯲ங㘲ᚺ⎏㠇㟰ⓝ⅘∇ݤ卿㊄㇦
others were developed at the imperial ateliers in response to the emperors’ 8 % ,JOHFSZ ⯝ 1 # 7BOEJWFS भᖬ⎏ 5IF FJHIUFFOUI DFOUVSZ
determination that Chinese craftsmen should be able to use enamels which
DIBOHF JO UFDIOPMPHZ BOE TUZMF GSPN UIF GBNJMMF WFSUF UP UIF GBNJMMF
were as good as, or surpassed, those entering China from Europe. In this
they involved both European Jesuit missionaries at the court and also SPTF QBMFUUF 卿ݥᙔ⎉ヿᙻǶ5FDIOPMPHZ BOE 4UZMF $FSBNJDT BOE
th
Chinese glass makers. When 20 century scientists examined the rose-pink $JWJMJ[BUJPOǷ࣍Հ آՓآ႔厍 ǯձٛ⎉→卿⇈⇶Ꮢ्㦜Ǯ
enamel microscopically, what they saw were red particles immersed in a
㠩എ׆卿ᡜទὍᯧᆴ㮮१ⰰǯ⬄⬖⡚ᙠԋڮᝳ㿩㞖ᇤ⠄⎏㔌㒝卿
clear lead-potassium-silicate glass (see W.D. Kingery and P.B. Vandiver, ‘The
eighteenth century change in technology and style from the famille verte ໦ٛᎵ׹⯇⡩㞖卿Ꮅᛓ㠩भ㞖Ꮅ㠤भ㞖卿ֿ୬㯤⠄എഌ卿⯝१
to the famille rose palette’, Technology and Style: Ceramics and Civilization, 2, ⰰՔὍ㨸⪩ǯݯ༰卿⬄⬖⡚׹⯇㿩㞖⎏⮈ₕ㯤⠄卿ݯഌཎլԢ
Ohio, 1986). The iron and copper content of the enamel were found to
⯍ ం ࣊ܘߎԠӬݩߎ Ԡ㧿ǯԋஇ⎏⬄⬖⡚ᙠ⯝᪹ᰲ
be too low to influence the colour. In the rose-pink colour, there were
occasional specks of metallic gold, some pure and some alloyed with copper Ǹࢽᙱ㩛ᙱ⡻ǹ ໫ᇪἍ Ĥ ࢽᙱՌᙱᙻ ჺ߿ᇌங⵭㯀⎏Ⓔ
22