Page 163 - Building Digital Libraries
P. 163

CHAPTER 6



              <relators:pma rdf:about=“http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/pma”>Permitting Agency</
              relators:pma>
              </dc:contributor>
              <dc:type>text</dc:type>
              <dc:publisher>Washington : Blair and Rives, Printers,</dc:publisher>
              <dc:date>1845.</dc:date>
              <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
              <dc:description>The Astronomical and Meteorological observations of the 1842 expedition,
              which form p. 585–693 of the Senate edition (Senate ex. doc. 174) are not included in this.</
              dc:description>
              <dc:subject rdf:about=“http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85038366”>
              Discoveries in geography
              </dc:subject>
              <dc:subject rdf:about=“http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097123”>
              Paleontology
              </dc:subject>
              <dc:subject rdf:about=“http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85015976”>
              Botany
              </dc:subject>
              <dcterms:spatial rdf:about=“http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79021953”>
              Oregon
              </dcterms:spatial>
              </rdf:Description>
              </rdf:RDF>



                                                   Utilizing semantic concepts, we can begin to construct smarter data that
                                                   begins to support the self-description of the data. In this case, we utilize URIs
                                                   to embed actionable data into our metadata. This shifts our metadata from
                                                   a collection of strings to a collection of strings paired with their objects, and
                                                   these objects provide information that can be acted upon to not only keep data
                                                   fresh and valid, but to build additional relationships to additional vocabularies
                                                   and concepts. By utilizing semantic data principles in our own metadata and
                                                   in the systems that we build, we enable the data to be meaningful beyond
                                                   our repositories, ultimately supporting better discovery for our users.


                                                   Schema.org
                                                   With the ability to embed semantic metadata directly into one’s metadata
                                                   and create deep links between systems online, libraries can immediately
                                                   begin to take advantage of a lightweight method of embedding existing
                                                   data into a semantic format that web browsers currently understand and are
                                                   using in building their own linked knowledge bases: schema.org.  Schema
                                                                                                           20
                                                   .org is a structured markup language that was developed by large search
                                                   engine providers to replace the traditional meta-tagging syntax with more
                                                   structured data. Within the format, schemas are used to define different
                                                   types of things, like people, places, events, and so on. Within these schemas,
                                                   there have been extensions like the bibliographic extension, which improve
                                                   on the core schema entry. The bib extension, for example, extends the core
                                                   books schema. The format allows organizations to utilize this “micro lan-
                                                   guage” to better describe the content on their websites, and to allow search
                                                   engines like Google to provide “cards” about specific topics. For example,
                                                   when you search for a public library, it might return information about
                                                   specific hours or related library branches.
            148
   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167   168