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Metadata Formats

ONiX
URL: www.editeur.org/
ONIX is a metadata specification that was developed for use by the
book trade, specifically publishers and booksellers.

iPTC (international Press Telecommunications Council)
URL: https://iptc.org/
The IPTC provides a number of metadata standards that are used by
the press to structure information related to a wide range of topics.
For example, for images, the IPTC Photo metadata defines properties
and structures noting subject, captions, dates, and so on. Likewise, the
IPTC has metadata formats covering rights statements, press articles,
and so on. IPTC can be embedded within objects and has widespread
industry support.

Embedded Metadata Formats

In addition to descriptive metadata, many file formats include embedded
metadata that can be used for a variety of purposes within a digital library
system. Three of the most common formats are noted below:

Exif
URL: www.exif.org/
Exif is a metadata format used by digital camera manufacturers to store
technical metadata about an image. The format is embedded into the
image file, providing technical information about the recording device
and its settings.

XMP (eXtensible Metadata Platform):
URL: www.adobe.com/products/xmp.html
XMP is a metadata format created by Adobe and the IPTC to provide a
format for embedding technical and brief descriptive metadata about
an item (generally an image). This enables the metadata to be embed-
ded with the object, so that it can be read and used by any system
capable of understanding XMP-encoded data.

PCDM (Portland Common Data Model)

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The Portland Common Data Model (PCDM) isn’t necessarily a metadata
format, but it is a data model that may have significant impact on how
digital libraries, or more specifically digital repositories, are developed in

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