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1957), 259.
25 Leupold, Daniel, 143.

26 Ibid.

27 Yamauchi, “Daniel,” 17–24.

28 Ibid. Both Patton and Galpin identify the instrument with the syrinx, or pipes of Pan, based
on the suggested etymology of mashrôqîta being sharak. However, this identification is tenuous.
See Priscilla Patton and Rebecca Patton, Before the Times (San Francisco: Strawberry Hill Press,

1980), 190; Francis William Galpin, The Music of the Sumerians and Their Immediate Successors,
the Babylonians and Assyrians (repr. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries, 1970), 67.
29 Patton and Patton, Before the Times, 188. See also The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(1986 ed.), s.v. “Music,” by D. A. Foxvog and A. D. Kilmer, 3:446.
30 Dyer, “Musical instruments,” 436.

31 Joyce C. Baldwin, Daniel, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL:
InterVarsity, 1978), 103.

32 Wood, Daniel, 87.

33 “Notice that these men of faith would not have regarded their deaths in the flames to be a
failure of faith but rather an indication of God’s will” (Sinclair B. Ferguson, Daniel: Mastering
the Old Testament, The Communicator’s Commentary [Waco, TX: Word, 1988], 78).

34 Wood, Daniel, 93–94.

35 Leupold, Daniel, 163–64.