Page 26 - The Modul of Psycholinguistics Studies_2

words) each second. Errors in speech production are relatively
rare occurring at a rate of about once in every 900 words in

spontaneous speech. Words that are commonly spoken or learned
early in life or easily imagined are quicker to say than ones that

are rarely said, learnt later in life, or abstract.
Based on the picture above, a normally speech is created
with pulmonary pressure provided by the lungs that generates

sound by phonation through the glottis in the larynx that then is
modified by the vocal tract into different vowels and consonants.
However speech production can occur without the use of the

lungs and glottis in alaryngeal speech by using the upper parts of
the vocal tract.

The vocal production of speech may be associated with
the production of hand gestures that act to enhance the
comprehensibility of what is being said. The development of

speech production throughout an individual's life starts from an
infant's first babble and is transformed into fully developed

speech by the age of five. The first stage of speech doesn't occur
until around age one (holophrastic phase). Between the ages of
one and a half and two and a half the infant can produce short

sentences (telegraphic phase).

1. Three stages of Speech Production

26 | Fatma Yuniarti, M.Pd., B.I