Page 27 - The Modul of Psycholinguistics Studies_2

Here the three stages of speech production, a spoken
language involves three major levels of processing, there are:

conceptualization, formulation, and articulation.
a. The first is the processes of conceptualization or

conceptual preparation, in which the intention to create
speech links a desired concept to the particular spoken
words to be expressed. Here the preverbal intended

messages are formulated that specify the concepts to be
expressed.
b. The second stage is formulation in which the linguistic

form required for the expression of the desired message is
created. Formulation includes grammatical encoding,

morpho-phonological encoding, and phonetic encoding.
Grammatical encoding is the process of selecting the
appropriate syntactic word or lemma. The selected

lemma then activates the appropriate syntactic frame for
the conceptualized message. Morpho-phonological

encoding is the process of breaking words down into
syllables to be produced in overt speech.
c. The third stage of speech production is articulation,

which is the execution of the articulatory score by the
lungs, glottis, larynx, tongue, lips, jaw and other parts of

the vocal apparatus resulting in speech.

2. History of speech production
Here the examples of speech errors. The target is what
the speaker intended to say. The error is what the speaker

actually said. These mistakes have been studied to learn about
the structure of speech production.

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