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• Increased glomerular filtration rate by 50%.
• Glucosuria may occur (may not be abnormal, warrants further evaluation).
• Ureter: dilatation of ureter and renal pelvis
➢ Gastrointestinal System
• Mouth and Teeth
o Gums become hyperemic and have a tendency to bleed.
o Ptyalism is seen in some women.
• Smooth muscle relaxation occurs related to increased progesterone
production.
• Heartburn, slowed gastric emptying and esophageal regurgitation (reflux of
acidic) ·
• Hemorrhoids from the pressure of the gravid uterus, constipation and laxity
of veins by progesterone
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