Page 120 - ترم ثاني كتاب تمريض صحة الام الكتروني

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(II) signs:

1. Breast signs

2. Uterine signs

3. Cervical signs

4. Vaginal signs

5. vulval signs

(III) Special investigations

1. Pregnancy tests: detect human chorionic gonadotrophic in maternal urine or

serum

Urine test:

Sensitive urine pregnancy test including home kits are now available. An example is the

ELISA tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests) which detect 10-20 m IU\ml of

HCG and can diagnosis pregnancy at the time of missed period in 95% of cases. The

sensitivity of home tests ranges from 10 to 50 m IU\ml.

Blood test:
Detection of beta-subunit of HCG in serum by radioimmunoassay is a very sensitive test

and detects small amounts of the hormone (one mI U\ml of beta-subunit and even
lower). It can diagnose pregnancy before the first missed period by 5-7 days (becomes

positive one day after implantation).
2. Sonography: done for:

1. detect intrauterine pregnancy

2. confirm fetal cardiac activity

3. diagnose multiple pregnancy

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