Page 119 - ترم ثاني كتاب تمريض صحة الام الكتروني

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➢ Metabolic Changes

• Increase metabolic rate.

• Increase the demands for carbohydrate, protein, and minerals.

• Weight gain of 9 -11 kg.

• Water requirement is increased to supply fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid.

4). Diagnosis of pregnancy

The diagnosis depends upon symptoms, signs and investigations

Diagnosis in the first trimester (first 12 weeks)

(I) symptoms:

1. Amenorrhea: It is due to the presence of a height level of estrogen and

progesterone without withdrawal. Il is not a sure evidence of pregnancy because
it may be caused by other conditions as lactation. Also bleeding may occur in

early months of pregnancy and may be mistaken for menstruation. eg. abortion.
2. Morning sickness.

3. Frequency of micturition

4. Breast symptoms as enlargement, heaviness and pain.

5. Change of appetite or longing

6. Some women are sleepy and depressed, others may be irritable and suffer

insomnia.

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