Page 730 - The Encyclopedia of Taoism v1_A-L

688 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TAOISM A-L

called through spirit writing (see *fuji) by Taoist devotees and alchemists, and
for some reason he is not even included among the Eight Immortals (*baxian)
in the late-Yuan final definition of this group.
His modern personality as a god of wealth is quite different from the al-
chemical initiation master of yore. He is often painted as a child with a toad
and a string of coins, two attributes probably borrowed from the immortals
Helan Qizhen ~ lW f~ ~ and Lan Caihe if * ID, respectively.
Vincent GOOSSAERT

(Ill Boltz J. M. 1987a, 64 and 173; ling Anning 1996; Little 2000b, 330
* Nanzong; Quanzhen; HAGIOGRAPHY

Liu Huayang

1735-99; haD: Chuanlu f$1il (Transmitter of the Hut)

Liu Huayang, a native of Nanchang (Jiangxi), was originally a Confucian
scholar but became a Chan monk at the Shuanglian si ~ j~ ~ (Temple of the
Double Lotus) near Anqing '!i:.1t: (Anhui). Having failed to attain enlighten-
ment, he left the temple in search of a master who could teach him the secrets
of Wisdom (hui _~\, prajiiii) and Life (ming 1111; see *xing and ming). This finally
happened in the spring of 1780 when, according to Liu, *Wu Shouyang-who
had died 136 years earlier-transmitted his teachings to him. Liu successfully
put them into practice. After that, the Buddhist monk Huyun ~~, whom
Liu met in Kuanglu g!1l (Jiangxi), gave him instructions on the final stages
of his training.
Liu Huayang is the author of two treatises, both edited and annotated by
Liu himself in 1799 in a Buddhist temple in Beijing. The first is the jinxian
zhenglun 1Z{wfuT:~ (Essay on the Verification of Golden Immortality), writ-
ten in Anhui and consisting of twenty sections, the first of which is a preface
dated 1790. Two other prefaces by Gao Shuangjing rB'1~~ of Nanchang
(dated 1790) and by the Buddhist monk Miaowu trJ."tTf (dated 1791) introduce
the text. The treatise primarily deals with the circulation of *qi known as the
Lesser Celestial Circuit (xiao zhoutian IJ\ mJ 7(; see *zhoutian) through the Con-
trol and Function channels (*dumai and renmai). Section 17 describes the two
channels with the help of a diagram. The final two sections, on the dangers
encountered in the course of the practice and the reason for Liu's adding his
own annotations, were appended in 1799.